高应变率条件下38CrMoAl钢的动态力学行为及失效模型

38CrMoAl钢是飞机某频繁经受冲击载荷结构的主要材料，为了获得该钢在冲击载荷下的力学行为和失效参数，本文对38CrMoAl钢开展了准静态试验、应变率从650 s^-1至5 500 s^-1的动态力学试验以及应力三轴度试验，对材料的金相组织和断口形貌进行了微观观察分析，最后基于试验结果确定了材料的修正强度模型和失效模型参数。试验结果表明，38CrMoAl钢具有较强的应变率敏感性，材料屈服强度随着应变率的增加具有正应变率强化效应，应变率在10^-3~5 500 s^-1的范围变化时，屈服应力从450 MPa上升到了1 085 MPa，应变率为5 500 s^-1时材料的屈服应力达到了准静态条件下的2.41倍。对材料组织的微观观察分析发现材料主要由呈现颗粒状的回火索氏体组成，材料在高应变速率加载下其塑性发生了下降，断口由韧窝型塑性断口向局部解理断面发生转变，韧窝尺寸也随着应变率的升高而变小。对Johnson-Cook（J-C）强度模型中的应变率强化项进行了修正，使修正后的本构模型可以更有效地描述38CrMoAl钢的动态力学行为，最后结合数值模拟方法确定了材料的J-C失效准则参数。     

终端区进场交通流广义跟驰行为与复杂相变分析

空中交通流特性分析是空中交通流理论研究的重要内容,是空中交通管理的重要依据。基于终端区交通流混杂动力特征,采用模糊逻辑方法提出了航空器动态期望间隔控制策略,运用"刺激-反射"跟驰理论和局域先到先服务(FCFS)的原则建立了终端区交通流广义跟驰模型,并基于NetLogo构建了终端区交通流多智能体仿真平台,结合广州白云机场(ZGGG)02R跑道进场实例,演析了终端区进场交通系统涌现行为,揭示了交通流的速度、密度和流量3个基本参数之间的相互关系,发掘了空中交通蕴含的自由态、畅行态、亚稳态、伪拥塞态和同步态等5个演变相态,剖析了不同交通组织、间隔标准和流控策略下交通流的相变规律。研究成果可为丰富完善空中交通流理论奠定部分基础,为科学管控空中交通提供重要基础支撑。     

Observations of the Sun at Vacuum-Ultraviolet Wavelengths from Space. Part II: Results and Interpretations

In Part I of this review, the concepts of solar vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) observations were outlined together with a discussion of the space instrumentation used for the investigations. A section on spectroradiometry provided some quantitative results on the solar VUV radiation without considering any details of the solar phenomena leading to the radiation. Here, in Part II, we present solar VUV observations over the last decades and their interpretations in terms of the plasma processes and the parameters of the solar atmosphere, with emphasis on the spatial and thermal structures of the chromosphere, transition region and corona of the quiet Sun. In addition, observations of active regions, solar flares and prominences are included as well as of small-scale events. Special sections are devoted to the elemental composition of the solar atmosphere and theoretical considerations on the heating of the corona and the generation of the solar wind.     

烧蚀材料的热分解动力学研究

用热重分析技术研究了３种烧蚀材料的热失重信息，分别用直接法和差减微分法确定了其分解动力学参数，并以ＣａＣＯ３火已动力学参数的标准物对这２种方法作了标定。     

Research and Development of Ceramic Cutting Tools in China

The research and development of various classes of ceramic cutting tools in China are described,because manufacturing efficiency is fundamental to the growth of China's economy.     

Assessment of the consequences of the Fengyun-1C breakup in low Earth orbit

On 11 January 2007, the People’s Republic of China conducted a successful anti-satellite test against one of their defunct polar-orbiting weather satellites. The target satellite, called Fengyun-1C, had a mass of 880 kg and was orbiting at an altitude of about 863 km when the collision occurred. Struck by a direct-ascent interceptor at a speed of 9.36 km/s, the satellite disintegrated, spreading the cataloged fragments between 200 and 4000 km, with the highest concentration near the breakup height. By the end of April 2008, 2377 pieces of debris, including the original payload remnant, had officially been cataloged by the US Space Surveillance Network. Of these, nearly 1% had reentered the Earth’s atmosphere. This deliberate act is the largest debris-generating event on record, and its consequences will adversely affect circumterrestrial space for many years.     

The variability and predictability of the IRI B0, B1 parameters over Grahamstown,South Africa

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) parameters B₀ and B₁ provide a representation of the thickness and shape, respectively, of the F2 layer of the bottomside ionosphere. These parameters can be derived from electron density profiles that are determined from vertical incidence ionograms. This paper aims to illustrate the variability of these parameters for a single mid latitude station and demonstrate the ability of the Neural Network (NN) modeling technique for developing a predictive model for these parameters. Grahamstown, South Africa (33.3°S, 26.5°E) was chosen as the mid latitude station used in this study and the B₀ and B₁ parameters for an 11 year period were determined from electron density profiles recorded at that station with a University of Massachusetts Lowell Center for Atmospheric Research (UMLCAR) Digisonde. A preliminary single station NN model was then developed using the Grahamstown data from 1996 to 2005 as a training database, and input parameters known to affect the behaviour of the F2 layer, such as day number, hour, solar and magnetic indices. An analysis of the diurnal, seasonal and solar variations of these parameters was undertaken for the years 2000, 2005 and 2006 using hourly monthly median values. Comparisons between the values derived from measured data and those predicted using the two available IRI-2001 methods (IRI tables and Gulyaeva, T. Progress in ionospheric informatics based on electron density profile analysis of ionograms. Adv. Space Res. 7(6), 39–48, 1987.) and the newly developed NN model are also shown in this paper. The preliminary NN model showed that it is feasible to use the NN technique to develop a prediction tool for the IRI thickness and shape parameters and first results from this model reveal that for the mid latitude location used in this study the NN model provides a more accurate prediction than the current IRI model options.     

飞行参数对射流矢量喷管内流场影响的数值模拟

采用三维雷诺平均N-S方程和k-ε湍流模型对固体火箭发动机燃气二次喷射矢量喷管内外流场进行数值模拟,研究飞行参数对矢量喷管内主/次流耦合流场的影响。结果表明,自由来流造成喷管出口附近压力变化,通过喷管内壁面附面层作用影响喷管内部流动特性。飞行马赫数为超声速,或者环境压强较低时,侧向力大小与飞行参数无关。在低空亚声速流中,侧向力随飞行马赫数增加迅速减小,随环境压强降低而减小。     

Atmospheric electrical conductivity measurements and modeling for application to air pollution studies

The experimentally measured ground level atmospheric electrical conductivity is validated from a simplified ion–aerosol model for which the inputs are ionization rate from surface radioactivity, aerosol density and meteorological parameters. Also estimated from the model is the reduction in conductivity for assumed aerosol levels. It is seen that for an increase of ambient aerosols by threefold the percent reduction in conductivity is 7% and it is 10% for an increase by sixfold. Thus, the variations in the measured ground level conductivity can be used to examine the atmospheric pollution, if any.     

计及全风况小干扰稳定的双馈风机变换器控制参数设计

随着双馈风电并网容量增大,系统的稳定性与风机变换器控制参数的相关性也越来越大,风机变换器控制参数整定时必须计及电网小干扰稳定性。针对双馈风机单机无穷大系统,建立风机工作在全风况下的小信号模型,采用李雅普诺夫线性化方法并考虑风速分区,分别推导出风机在最大功率跟踪区、恒转速区、恒功率区电网小干扰稳定分析的状态方程。分析风机变换器控制参数与特征根之间的相关性,引入表征系统稳定性强弱的小干扰稳定裕度指标,提出使系统全风况小干扰稳定的风机变换器控制参数设计方案。实例仿真表明:所提方案可快速获取有效参数,并保证全风况下电网小干扰稳定性。