Study of atmospheric air pollutants during the partial solar eclipse on 15 January 2010 over Udaipur: A semi-arid location in Western India

The paper describes behavior of surface ozone, its precursor gases, BC along with TOCC, TWVC, AOT1020 nm as well as UV and IR radiation intensities observed during the partial solar eclipse of 15th January, 2010 over Udaipur, where 52% solar disc is obscured due to the moon’s shadow. During the beginning to main eclipse phase, the deviation values of several air pollutants concentrations from eclipse to control day values vary in a small range from −9 to −2 ppb in case of surface ozone and −180 to −80 ppb for CO. The corresponding change in the values of BC observed from −3.3 to −.5 μg/m³. No significant change is found in NO₂, NO or in ratio of NO₂/NO values during the partial eclipse time. TOCC values decrease from 3 to 5 DU along with a reduction in UV radiation intensity from 20 to 35% from starting to the main eclipse phase. The AOT1020 nm values are found to increase from .2 to 1.0 along with a reduction in IR radiation intensity order of 50%. However, TWVC values decrease from .22 to .1 cm during the eclipse hours. The low level of dilution in surface ozone in eclipse period may be attributed with change in local atmospheric boundary layer dynamic conditions or limited air pollutants dispersion, in term of decreases in planetary boundary layer height, wind speed and hence ventilation coefficient in the same eclipse hours. Thus, present studies support the argument for the leading roles of photochemical reactions with its precursor gases under presence of solar radiation in surface ozone variability. Other possible controlling factors are advection of air pollutants from the polluted region as evident from backward wind trajectories and altering the local meteorological conditions.     

Sealing reliability modeling of aviation seal based on interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface

Many variables affect the sealing performance, and their distribution characteristics are difficult to obtain with probabilistic methods owing to the high cost involved. Numerous problems in engineering are similar due to the appearance of small-sample parameters. In this study, the sealing reliability of an aviation seal was defined as the research object, and an interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface were proposed to calculate the sealing reliability.Based on this, we first analyzed the failure mechanism of the aviation seal and established a leakage rate model. Then, based on the non-probabilistic interval model, an interval uncertainty method was proposed to construct the analytical model. With reference to the limit state equation from the structural reliability theory, the multidimensional response surface was used for fast calculation.Then, we chose the single-cylinder gas steering gear used in aircraft as the case study, its sealing reliability in working and non-working statuses were calculated, and the results were verified with the actual maintenance records. By analyzing the sensitivity of some variables, we can improve the sealing reliability of the aviation seal by improving the surface roughness only if the cost allows.Finally, we consider that the method proposed in this study realizes the application of smallsample uncertainty analysis in reliability analysis, and could provide a feasible way to solve the similar problems in engineering with multidimensional and small-sample parameters.     

喷雾液滴撞击液膜影响参数及流动机理分析

液滴撞击壁面是喷雾冷却中最常见的现象。使用计算流体力学软件中的Volume of Fluid （VOF）模型对液滴撞击壁面过程进行了数值模拟研究，研究了不同参数的液滴撞击壁面液膜过程的水花形态特点，针对水花高度和直径等参数进行了分析，通过运动间断理论和无量纲参数Re和We的变化分析了不同参数对液膜的流动特征和水花形态的影响及水花产生机理。结果表明：大液滴撞击液膜时能够改善液膜的流动状态；过大的液滴速度会产生大量飞溅及表面干涸；液滴撞击薄液膜时，液膜的流动性较好，当0.6<h*<1.2时，液膜的流动性不随液膜厚度改变。     

飞行状态对太阳能飞机中组件性能的影响

基于光伏组件产生功率模型，研究了太阳能飞机中飞行速度、高度、时间及区域等状态参数影响组件性能的规律。以单晶硅组件及Xihe太阳能飞机为研究对象，当飞机飞行速度增加时，组件产生的功率随之增加但趋于饱和。原因在于速度的增加能有效降低组件的表面温度，但提升是有限的。飞机所需的功率随飞行速度呈现指数增加，且组件产生的功率与飞机所需的功率有能量平衡点。组件产生的功率随飞行高度的增加而增加，但有饱和的趋势。原因在于，当飞行高度上升，大气温度随之下降，组件表面温度下降；同时海拔越高，大气密度和大气通透率越大，太阳辐射增加，从而组件产生的功率增加了；饱和的原因在于组件本身性能的限制。一天之中，组件产生的功率基本以太阳时12点为中心左右近似对称，中午最强；一年中组件性能在夏季最强，冬季最弱。原因在于组件性能主要由所受太阳辐射决定。随着纬度的增加，组件产生的功率减小。原因在于，纬度越高，太阳高度角越小，组件所能接受到的太阳辐射也就越小；纬度越低，组件总产生功率越高且平稳。纬度低的地区更适合太阳能飞机的飞行。该文为太阳能飞机的能量分配、长时间驻空提供一定的帮助。     

基于近邻保持嵌入的卫星姿态控制系统微小故障检测

摘要： 以卫星姿态控制系统(ACS)为研究对象，以微小故障检测为研究目标，提出一种改进的近邻保持嵌入算法(EWMA DNPE).针对近邻保持嵌入(NPE)算法中邻域参数无法自动设定的缺陷，通过引入动态邻域，使得动态近邻保持嵌入算法（DNPE）可根据流形的样本密度动态地选取近邻点计算权值重构矩阵.将指数加权移动平均(EWMA)引入DNPE，通过EWMA对历史故障数据的累加作用，建立SPE统计量实现微小故障的检测，并仿真验证了EWMA DNPE算法对卫星ACS微小故障检测的有效性和可行性.     

基于神经网络自适应动态逆的结冰飞机飞行安全边界保护方法

考虑到飞机带冰飞行的安全问题，对结冰飞机进行安全边界保护成为一种有效的解决手段。基于神经网络自适应动态逆跟踪性能好、鲁棒性强的优点，提出了以安全关键飞行参数限制值作为神经网络自适应动态逆的输入，获取可用舵面偏转角的边界保护方法。建立了飞机本体动力学模型，采用高精度的数值模拟方法获得结冰数据库。设计了神经网络自适应动态逆控制律，通过在动态逆环节引入单隐层神经网络，对不确定性逆误差进行自适应补偿，增强了控制系统的鲁棒性。以俯仰姿态保持模式为例设计了结冰飞行闭环安全边界保护系统。以结冰飞机最小平飞速度的估算值作为飞机最低飞行速度，设计自动油门控制系统，实现对飞行速度的保护。通过仿真验证了设计的控制律具有较强的鲁棒性。对结冰严重程度线性增加情形下飞机状态参数的动态响应进行了分析。仿真结果表明，所设计的结冰边界保护系统，能够实现飞机在容冰飞行过程中对安全关键参数如迎角、飞行速度的实时保护。     

一种载人飞船自主应急返回控制参数星载计算方法

传统的飞船应急救生控制参数是在地面计算生成并上传到飞船上的,这种方法对频繁进行轨道调整的飞船并不适用,本文探讨一种新的飞船自主应急救生控制参数计算方法,利用船载GPS资源进行快速轨道外推,并使用解析方法和神经网络方法计算返回控制参数,以适应复杂飞行任务的要求。     

叶型受感部设计及结构优化

设计了用于航空发动机压气机级间参数测量的叶型受感部。通过风洞校准试验,得出在不同来流速度条件下,压力叶型受感部的不敏感角范围及总压测量误差和温度叶型受感部的总温测量误差,确定了影响叶型受感部测量准确度的主要因素。在试验结果的基础上,对叶型受感部结构进行了优化。     

金属基复合材料环的机械加工工艺探讨

新型材料金属基复合材料的机械加工目前在国内外都是一个重大课题。通过广泛查阅大量资料,本文对金属基复合材料的制备、及其性能特点作了简单的介绍,并对某型号精密环类零件的机械加工工艺设计思想及在实践中摸索的诸如加工刀具、设备和切削参数等进行了总结,希望能为今后的科研生产提供可借鉴的经验。     

陀螺仪性能参数表征与评定

陀螺仪性能参数表征与评定是从事惯性技术产品设计与应用的人们十分关注的话题之一,本文从陀螺仪定义、分类、功能、应用的角度出发,对其性能参数的表征与评定给以论述与分析。