三维编织复合材料圆管轴向压缩性能及破坏机理

通过真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型技术，制备了三维多层缠绕编织、三维五向面芯编织和三维七向编织3种不同三维编织复合材料圆管。系统分析了三维编织复合材料圆管的纱线轨迹，分别开展了准静态轴向压缩试验，研究了不同编织工艺对三维编织复合材料圆管的压缩承载、破坏模式及吸能性能的影响。结果表明：不同编织结构圆管的轴向承载能力和破坏机制存在显著差异。三维多层缠绕编织圆管的环向纱体积含量较高，能有效承担轴向载荷，其轴向承载能力明显高于其余两类编织圆管。但由于纤维间载荷传递性能较弱，易发生脆性破坏，导致吸能效果最差。而三维五向面芯编织和三维七向编织圆管具有紧密交织的纱线结构，径向编织纱能有效限制剪切裂纹扩展，从而引发渐进稳定的开花式破坏，此类破坏具有较好的吸能特性。三维五向面芯编织圆管纤维断裂更加充分，吸能效果最为优异。     

On the time lag between solar wind dynamic parameters and solar activity UV proxies

The solar activity displays variability and periodic behaviours over a wide range of timescales, with the presence of a most prominent cycle with a mean length of 11 years. Such variability is transported within the heliosphere by solar wind, radiation and other processes, affecting the properties of the interplanetary medium. The presence of solar activity–related periodicities is well visible in different solar wind and geomagnetic indices, although their time lags with respect to the solar cycle lead to hysteresis cycles. Here, we investigate the time lag behaviour between a physical proxy of the solar activity, the Ca II K index, and two solar wind parameters (speed and dynamic pressure), studying how their pairwise relative lags vary over almost five solar cycles. We find that the lag between Ca II K index and solar wind speed is not constant over the whole time interval investigated, with values ranging from 6 years to $～$1 year (average 3.2 years). A similar behaviour is found also for the solar wind dynamic pressure. Then, by using a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis we obtain a 10.21-year mean periodicity for the speed and 10.30-year for the dynamic pressure. We speculate that the different periodicities of the solar wind parameters with respect to the solar 11-year cycle may be related to the overall observed temporal evolution of the time lags. Finally, by accounting for them, we obtain empirical relations that link the amplitude of the Ca II K index to the two solar wind parameters.