Evolution of convex structure during counter-rotating electrochemical machining based on kinematic modeling

Counter-rotating electrochemical machining (CRECM) is a novel electrochemical machining (ECM) method, which can be used to machine convex structures with complex shapes on the outer surface of casings. In this study, the evolution of the convex structure during CRECM is studied. The complex motion form of CRECM is replaced by an equivalent kinematic model, in which the movement of the cathode tool is realized by matrix equations. The trajectory of the cathode tool center satisfies the Archimedes spiral equation, and the feed depth in adjacent cycles is a constant. The simulation results show that the variations of five quality indexes for the convex structure: as machining time increases, the height increases linearly, and the width reduces linearly, the fillets at the top and root fit the rational function, and the inclination angle of the convex satisfies the exponential function. The current density distributions with different rotation angles is investigated. Owing to the differential distribution of current density on workpiece surface, the convex is manufactured with the cathode window transferring into and out of the processing area. Experimental results agree very well with the simulation, which indicates that the proposed model is effective for prediction the evolution of the convex structure in CRECM.     

反向旋转双转子稳态响应计算分析与试验

航空发动机采用反向旋转的双转子系统, 有助于减小转子整体陀螺力矩对飞机的影响, 降低机匣负荷, 提高飞机机动性能.分析了一种具有中介轴承的反向旋转双转子结构的稳态响应, 其中介轴承外圈与低压转子联接, 内圈与高压转子联接.针对这种结构, 应用传递矩阵法, 结合边界条件, 分析了反向旋转双转子结构稳态不平衡响应的变化规律, 研究了内、外转子盘轴心轨迹和质心的变化特点, 并进行了相应的试验研究, 验证了计算仿真的相关结论.      

Tomography-like flow visualization of a hypersonic inward-turning inlet

The flow field in a typical inward-turning inlet was visualized using the Planar Laser Scattering (PLS) method in a shock tunnel with a nominal Mach number of 6. The opaque inlet, which is truncated at a series of sections, and the following transparent isolator, are combined to enable the optical access at different streamwise locations. The sequential PLS images provide a tomography-like flow visualization, which confirm the existence of streamwise Counter-rotating Vortex Pairs (CVPs) in both external and internal flow field of the inlet. Generation mechanisms of these CVPs are unraveled with the help of a numerical simulation, among which the cowl notch plays an important role in the generation of surface trailing CVPs along the centerline of the cowl. Moreover, the cowl shock sweeps the internal boundary layer towards the body side, which ultimately accumulates low-momentum flow on the body side in forms of a large CVP propagating downstream through the isolator. The CVPs formed in the shape-transition are responsible for the nonuniform flow field of the inward-turning inlet. This study indicates that the V-shaped cowl notch affects the downstream flow significantly and, therefore, should be examined thoroughly in practical applications.     

Analysis and control of inter-electrode gap during leveling process in counter-rotating electrochemical machining

The inter-electrode gap (IEG) is an essential parameter for the anode shaping process in electrochemical machining (ECM) and directly affects the machining accuracy. In this paper, the IEG during the leveling process of an oval anode workpiece in counter-rotating ECM (CRECM) is investigated. The variation of the minimum IEG is analyzed theoretically, and the results indicate that rather than reaching equilibrium, the minimum IEG in CRECM expands constantly when a constant feed speed is used for the cathode tool. This IEG expansion leads to a poor localization effect and has an adverse influence on the roundness of the machined workpiece. To maintain a small constant IEG in CRECM, a variable feed speed is used for the cathode based on a fitted equation. The theoretical results show that the minimum IEG can be controlled at a small value by using an accelerated feed speed. Experiments have been conducted using a specific experimental apparatus in which the cathode tool is designed as a combined structure of two sectors and a thin sheet. By detecting the machining currents flowing through the minimum IEG, how the latter varies is obtained indirectly. The results indicate that using an accelerated feed speed is effective for controlling the IEG, thereby improving the roundness of the machined workpiece.     

双转子系统碰摩有限元接触分析模型及故障诊断

针对常用碰摩力模型的不足,应用AN SY S软件在求解转静子之间的碰摩力与法向相对位移之间的关系的基础上得到了碰摩力模型,并与整体传递系数法相结合建立转静件碰摩的动力学方程。采用整体传递系数法计算转子系统的动力特性,进而求解双转子系统的瞬态响应。利用时域波形、频谱分析和小波变换对响应进行了分析,得出并分析了相关的故障特征。      

带柔性静子部件的轴承共腔涡轴发动机碰摩特征

为研究具有轴承共腔结构的涡轴发动机在发生转、静子碰摩时转子-机匣系统动力学特征及机匣振动响应特征,建立了简化的转子-机匣碰摩动力学模型,并通过Runge-Kutta法进行求解。仿真结果表明:当发生转、静子碰摩时,机匣响应频谱中出现转子高倍频及其组合频率成分,高倍频成分幅值随碰摩程度加重而增大。对该型发动机进行台架试车实验,验证了该模型和结论的有效性。并利用不具有该结构的某第二代涡轴发动机试车的碰摩数据,进一步验证了带柔性静子部件的轴承共腔发动机中双转子间存在运动耦合,为涡轴发动机振动监控与故障诊断提供一定的理论依据。      

对转双转子局部碰摩故障实验

针对航空发动机涡轮机匣的结构特点,设计了一种可以模拟局部碰摩故障的实验装置.利用对转双转子实验器,实验研究了高、低压转子对转时,单独及同时发生局部碰摩的振动特性.结果表明,对转双转子涡轮发生局部碰摩时,静子的振动信号中会出现高倍频、分数倍频及组合频率成分,通过组合频率成分,可以判断是否发生碰摩及碰摩发生的部件.     

对转压气机三维掠动叶优化设计

为探索三维掠动叶降低对转压气机二次流损失的潜力,进一步提高对转压气机气动性能,基于近似函数与遗传算法,针对某对转压气机双排转子在整机环境下进行三维掠动叶优化设计,并对优化前后流场进行对比分析.优化成功的得到了双排“S”形掠动叶,结果表明:三维掠动叶有效改善了双排动叶吸力面径向二次流,减小了吸力面低速区,提高了对转压气机性能,优化工况点整机效率提高0.6％,全工况范围内效率均有所提高;三维掠动叶提高对转压气机效率的根本原因是其对径向负荷分配的重新调整,将叶展下方流动较差区域负荷移至叶展上方,改善流场的同时保证对转压气机负荷不变.     

Convex shaping process simulation during counter-rotating electrochemical machining by using the finite element method

In counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM), a revolving cathode tool with hollow windows of various shapes is used to fabricate convex structures on a revolving part. During this process, the anode workpiece and the cathode tool rotate relative to each other at the same rotation speed. In contrast to the conventional schemes of ECM machining with linear motion of a block tool electrode, this scheme of ECM is unique, and has not been adequately studied yet. In this paper, the finite element method(FEM) is used to simulate the anode shaping process during CRECM, and the simulation process which involves a meshing model, a moving boundary,and a simulation algorithm is described. The simulated anode profiles of the convex structure at different processing times show that the CRECM process can be used to fabricate convex structures of various shapes with different heights. Besides, the variation of the inter-electrode gap indicates that this process can also reach a relative equilibrium state like that in conventional ECM. A rectangular convex and a circular convex are successfully fabricated on revolving parts. The experimental results indicate relatively good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed simulation process is valid for convex shaping prediction and feasibility studies as well.     

陀螺加速度计误差模型系数离心机测试方法研究

提出了一种在带有反转平台的精密离心机上标定陀螺加速度计误差模型系数的方法。阐述了其测试原理，指出这种带反转平台的测试原理改善了陀螺加速度计离心机测试的环境条件。所提出的测试方案和辨识方法解决了陀螺加速度计在精密离心机上进行高g测试时，受到离心机大臂旋转牵连运动影响的关键问题，并提出分离和精确标定陀螺加速度计误差模型系数的数据处理方法，解决了反转平台引入后造成的正弦输入问题。