等质量立体五星库仑编队飞行的分析与控制

分析了立体五星编队在静电力和万有引力作用下的静态构型。分别讨论了五星编队在共线和平面情况下的静态构型,着重研究了五星构成立体双直角六棱锥构型时各个卫星所带的静电荷量。由于地球同步轨道的卫星所受到的作用力不仅是万有引力与静电库仑力,还有空气阻力等摄动力,因此只有对其施加控制,卫星才能在静态平衡点保持编队构型的稳定性。本文采用线性二次型最优控制方法来保持编队的静态构型稳定,并通过Matlab实现了五星立体库伦编队飞行控制仿真。     

纤维泊松收缩对陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线的影响

采用细现力学方法研究了纤维泊松收缩对陶瓷基复合材料迟滞回线的影响.采用库仑摩擦法则描述脱粘区界面剪应力分布,结合拉梅公式得到了界面脱粘区和粘结区的细观应力场.根据卸载与重新加载时纤维相对基体滑移机制,分析了加、卸栽纤维轴向应力分布,假设纤维轴向应力在界面脱粘尖端连续得到了初载时界面脱粘长度ls、卸载时界面反向滑移长度y以及重新加载时界面滑移长度z',讨论了纤维泊松比、纤维体积百分数和界面摩擦系数对加卸栽界面滑移长度、迟滞回线的影响.由于考虑了纤雏泊松收缩的影响,预测的迟滞回线面积及卸载残余应变大于Pryce-Smith模型预测值.     

Multiple Coulomb scattering method to reconstruct low-energy gamma–ray direction in the GAMMA-400 space-based gamma–ray telescope

The GAMMA-400 currently developing space-based gamma-ray telescope is designed to measure the gamma-ray fluxes in the energy range from ～20?MeV to several TeV in the highly elliptic orbit (without shadowing the telescope by the Earth) continuously for a long time. The physical characteristics of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope, especially the angular and energy resolutions (at 100-GeV gamma rays they are ～0.01° and ～1%, respectively), allow us to consider this space-based experiment as the next step in the development of extraterrestrial high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. In this paper, a method to improve the reconstruction accuracy of incident angle for low-energy gamma rays in the GAMMA-400 space-based gamma-ray telescope is presented. The special analysis of topology of pair-conversion events in thin layers of converter was performed. Applying the energy dependence of multiple Coulomb scattering for pair components, it is possible to estimate the energies for each particle, and to use these energies as weight in the angle reconstruction procedure. To identify the unique track in each projection the imaginary curvature method is applied. It allows us to obtain significantly better angular resolution in comparison with other methods applied in current space-based experiments. When using this method for 50-MeV gamma rays the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope angular resolution is about 4°.     

含滚阻摩擦平面多体系统的建模和数值方法

针对含滚阻和摩擦的平面多体系统,给出了通用的力学模型,利用第一类Lagrange方程建立了系统的动力学方程,为便于约束力的计算,利用局部方法列写约束方程,并以矩阵形式给出了该系统滚阻力偶和摩擦力的广义力.该系统动力学方程是非光滑的,通过建立滚阻定律的互补条件以及光滑铰链约束力的互补条件,给出了具有约束稳定化的基于事件驱动法的数值算法,将非光滑约束力、铰链约束力的求解以及滚轮滑动与粘滞的判断问题统一转化为一个线性互补问题进行求解.对两个算例进行了数值仿真,算例数值结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

偶极子-偶极子库仑相互作用能及其电动力学特性

将近场区电场和电偶极矩分别划分为横向场分量和纵向场分量,并求出了偶极子-偶极子横向场相互作用能和纵向场相互作用能,进而求得了横向作用力和纵向作用力以及总的作用力。数值计算结果表明:偶极子-偶极子的相互作用能和相互作用力都随着偶极子-偶极子间距R的增大而迅速减小为零,并且随偶极矩相对于系统轴线的取向角的变化而呈周期性变化。     

近地径向等质量共线三星库仑编队飞行队形保持研究

研究了近地径向等质量共线三星库仑编队飞行队形保持控制问题。针对三星库仑编队相对运动动力学的复杂性,运用绳系编队的建模思想,建立了径向等质量共线三星库仑力编队在地球同步轨道处的非线性相对运动动力学模型。考虑库仑编队动力学特性和环境干扰不确定因素影响,基于该非线性动力学模型,设计了地球同步轨道处的等质量三星库仑编队滑膜反馈控制律,在滑模控制中加入了线性反馈项提高控制器的稳定性和准确性,同时保证了编队整体的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制律能够使编队达到预期静态构型,具有良好的控制性能。     

Out-of-plane stability analysis of collinear spinning three-craft Coulomb formations

The results of a stability analysis focusing on the out-of-plane motion of collinear three-craft Coulomb formations with set charges are discussed. Such a formation is assumed to be spinning in deep space without relevant gravitational forces present. Assuming in-plane motion only with circular relative trajectories and initial position and velocity perturbations confined to the orbital plane, the previous work analytically proves marginal stability in the linear sense and numerically shows marginal stability in the short term. In this paper, the equations of motion are presented in the cylindrical coordinate frame in order to analyze the out-of-plane motion in more detail. The out-of-plane motion is shown to decouple to first order from the marginally stable in-plane motion. A simple control law is developed and applied, which directly controls the out-of-plane motion only within specified deadbands. For a wide variety of out-of-plane perturbations, the control law succeeds in preserving the in-plane variant shape despite some out-of-plane motion. A trend between the settling time and deadband, which defines the largest out-of-plane errors allowed before the controller is turned on, is determined, which illustrates how large the deadband may be before the in-plane motion is affected.     

Phase transitions in a dusty plasma with two distinct particle sizes

In semiconductor manufacturing, contamination due to particulates significantly decreases the yield and quality of device fabrication, therefore increasing the cost of production. Dust particle clouds can be found in almost all plasma processing environments including both plasma etching devices and in plasma deposition processes. Dust particles suspended within such plasmas will acquire an electric charge from collisions with electrons and ions in the plasma. If the ratio of inter-particle potential energy to the average kinetic energy is sufficient, the particles will form either a “liquid” structure with short-range ordering or a crystalline structure with long-range ordering. Many experiments have been conducted over the past decade on such colloidal plasmas to discover the character of the systems formed, but more work is needed to fully understand these structures. The preponderance of previous experiments used monodisperse spheres to form complex plasma systems. However, most plasma processing environments contain more arbitrary distributions of particle size. In order to examine in more detail the effects of a size distribution, experiments were carried out in a GEC rf reference cell modified for use as a dusty plasma system. Using two monodisperse particle sizes, experiments were conducted to determine the manner in which phase transitions and other thermodynamic properties depended upon the overall dust grain size distribution. Plasma crystals were formed from different mixtures of 8.89 and 6.50 μm monodisperse particles in argon plasma. With the use of various optical techniques, the pair correlation function was determined at different pressures and powers and then compared to measurements obtained for monodisperse spheres.     

Hybrid control of orbit normal and along-track two-craft Coulomb tethers

The dynamics and stability of a charged two craft formation with nominal fixed separation distance (Coulomb tethers) is studied where the cluster is aligned with either the along-track or orbit normal direction. Unlike the charged two-craft formation scenario aligned along the orbit radial direction, a feedback control law using inter-spacecraft electrostatic Coulomb forces and the differential gravitational accelerations is not sufficient to stabilize the Coulomb tether length and the formation attitude. Therefore, a hybrid feedback control law is presented which combines conventional thrusters and Coulomb forces. The Coulomb force feedback requires measurements of separation distance error and error rate, while the thruster feedback is in terms of Euler angles and their rates. This hybrid feedback control is designed to asymptotically stabilize the satellite formation shape and attitude while avoiding plume impingement issues. The effects of differential solar drag on the formation and the ability of the controller to withstand this disturbance is also studied.