载人航天器密封舱内生物剂量三维仿真技术

对载人航天器密封舱内航天员遭受的生物剂量进行研究分析,可为乘员辐射防护设计和工程实施提供依据。文章将基于一维深度-剂量计算、结合扇区射线法的三维辐射仿真技术运用于载人航天器总体设计中,以某中期驻留载人航天器为例,构建生物剂量仿真分析模型。计算实例分析表明,三维剂量仿真结果可有效指导乘员辐射防护优化设计,对后续长期载人飞行中的航天员辐射安全设计具有较强的实用性。     

三维烧蚀内部热响应数值计算研究

对热解型碳化复合材料三维烧蚀内部热响应数值计算关键技术进行了研究。采用碳化层—热解面—原始材料层模型,将热解气体与碳化层之间的对流换热处理为源项,通过有限元法建立移动边界条件下温度场求解方程组,采用Gauss Seidel迭代法计算热解气体质量流量和温度场。同时,研究和分析了三维烧蚀移动边界处理方法以及动网格生成方法。由于每个时间步都需要网格重划,烧蚀热防护数值计算对存储效率和计算效率要求较高,本文研究了内部热响应计算中影响存储效率和计算效率的主要因素,并提出了相应的压缩存储方案和求解方案。计算结果表明,移动边界处理方法准确合理;存储方案的存储效率较高;保持刚度矩阵和形函数矩阵正定对称性可以加快温度场计算的收敛速度。     

基于ADRC的航空发动机限制保护器设计

发动机限制保护器在航空发动机运行过程中对特定的被限制量进行实时监控,在其超出安全范围时实施限制,实现对航空发动机的保护.将自抗扰技术用于限制保护控制器设计,利用自抗扰控制器的扩张观测器,动态估计未知扰动和系统特性,对实际控制量进行反馈补偿,实现超限后的快速保护,提高了发动机的安全性.仿真结果表明:所设计的自抗扰限制保护控制器能将超限偏差有效转化为对主回路指令的修正,综合控制系统响应速度快,达到了限制保护的目的.     

一体化热防护技术现状和发展趋势

防隔热/承载一体化热防护的结构承载功能使其比传统热防护具有更高的结构效率。近年来,已经发展了波纹夹芯一体化热防护及改进方案、刚性隔热夹芯一体化热防护、多层级一体化热防护等多种一体化热防护概念。首先介绍了各方案的结构特征,分析了各方案的热短路效应和结构承载性能。阐述了一体化热防护等效性能分析与热力耦合响应高效分析方法。介绍了热力耦合约束下一体化热防护的结构尺寸优化与材料优选方法。论述了一体化热防护非确定性分析与设计方面的研究进展。在此基础上,总结了一体化热防护发展的特点和不足,探讨了一体化热防护的发展方向。     

类乘波体防热壁板气动加热-温度场耦合特性分析

针对类乘波体防热壁板,采用松耦合算法推进气动热和传热迭代计算,研究气动加热-温度场的耦合特性.结果表明:在壁板达到辐射平衡前,冷壁热流和辐射平衡热流与真实气动加热的误差分别达+55.1%和-15.4%以上,必须将气动加热和温度场进行耦合分析;当地绝热壁面温度不随时间变化,表面传热系数是耦合效应的关键参数;采用平均表面传热系数进行瞬态气动加热-温度场耦合计算只进行2次气动加热计算,壁面温度预测误差在2.5%以内,可有效提高气动加热-温度场耦合计算的效率.      

某复合材料“三防”试验件腐蚀原因分析与设计改进

某复合材料"三防"试验件在进行盐雾试验时,其连接用的抽芯铆钉出现红锈。为此从铆接装配、结构设计和铆钉材料等方面进行了分析,找出了导致铆钉锈蚀的原因,同时对分析结论进行了试验验证,证明了分析结果的正确。在此基础上对类似结构设计提出了改进措施。     

航天飞行器热防护系统的一体化设计

航天飞行器进入大气层时经受强烈的气动加热,需借助于热防护系统以保护其免受气动热的伤害;飞行器机翼前缘和鼻罩是最高温区,该处的温差相当大,热防护措施尤其重要。作为热防护系统一方面要抵抗强热的冲击,另一方面要最大限度地减少气动热传入结构的内壁,这就对防热系统所用材料提出不同的要求。抗热冲击要求材料质密而隔热但又要求质轻,这就是矛盾所在。随着复合材料的发展,这对矛盾可以通过利用不同材料特性把防热系统分层来解决,从而导致一体化设计的概念和方法。本文利用热传导理论对两层结构的防热系统进行一体化设计分析。     

热防护材料表面催化特性研究进展

随着高超声速飞行器的发展,高焓离解环境下热防护材料所承受的气动热载荷在很大程度上受到材料表面催化特性的影响。根据高焓服役环境特征和热防护材料表面催化特性的发展现状,重点综述了材料表面催化反应机理和不同尺度的催化模型,分析、比较了催化特性地面测试与评价方法以及典型热防护材料表面催化特性的影响因素,简要总结了国内现阶段相关催化特性研究的初步成果,并在此基础之上提出了催化特性测试与表征方法的不足和后续研究的重点方向,为有效改进热防护材料表面催化特性试验测试技术、准确预测高超声速飞行器气动热环境,从而实现热防护系统的精细化设计提供指导。     

同轴接入设备的系统升级机制设计

高性能同轴网络(HINOC,High performance Network Over Coax)是面向下一代广播电视网的同轴电缆接入新技术,是实现模拟电视系统双向数字改造以及广播电视三网融合战略的关键技术之一.HINOC系统中的嵌入式设备HB(HINOC Bridge)与HM(HINOC Modem)需要通过在线升级实现软件版本的不断更新.针对目前一般的软件在线升级系统中普遍存在的整体加密传输效率低、硬件失效缺乏保护等问题,本升级系统设计在文件的传输和文件烧写的基本步骤上引入了文件差分编码解码、文件校验与加密解密以及异常保护机制.实际测试结果显示,升级系统能够满足HINOC系统在效率、安全性和可靠性方面的要求,保证了嵌入式系统的信息安全以及嵌入式设备在异常情况下的稳定工作.     

Planetary protection issues of private endeavours in research,exploration, and human access to space: An environmental economics approach to forward contamination

In light of the rapidly growing New Space Economy, the landscape of space exploration and development activities will certainly become much more complicated year by year. Relevant commercial space actors have already emerged, pushing the boundaries of entrepreneurial space ventures beyond the Earth-oriented upstream and downstream market segments and opening up the path towards the novel segments of space exploration, space resources utilization, and space research. Planetary protection is usually defined as a set of guidelines concerning the avoidance of bidirectional biological material exchange between the Earth and other celestial bodies. Recent success stories of established and new-entrant NewSpace actors, although posing no realistic planetary protection threat at present, clearly indicate that serious work needs to be done in order for the relevant guidelines to keep up with the rapid advances of the technology development cycles that occur within NewSpace companies. This need may become even more urgent, as space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies to target the currently underserved market segments of space research, exploration, and utilization. As of now, these capabilities were maintained solely by public space agencies; thus, all planetary protection priorities, strategies, and responsibilities were discussed, agreed-upon, and delegated for implementation among national and international working groups of public stakeholders. Although top-down regulations can be effective in controlling the quality and conformity of the deliverables of private subcontractors to public contractors, international planetary protection frameworks might need to evolve even beyond such unmet public-private interaction and partnership models. For this reason, this study did not focus on the legal and political issues of mandating NewSpace actors to adhere to planetary protection guidelines; rather, drawing from the field of sustainable development on Earth, an environmental economics approach was followed, with the goal of viewing the relationship between planetary protection and private space exploration and development as another “tragedy of the commons” problem that must be settled accordingly. After the problem’s framing, i.e. the conceptual presentation and synthesis of four extraterrestrial non-excludable goods, the initial approach of their total economic value, and the negative externalities of their exploitation, a discussion of the forward contamination mitigation costs was conducted. Drawing from the literature and using examples from both the terrestrial and aerospace sectors, a pre-emptive move was suggested: the establishment of a global industry consortium for the pre-competitive collaboration in forward contamination mitigation technologies, centered on an international planetary protection analogue program and its respective testbed facility.