运载火箭姿态控制稳定性多速率陀螺组合策略

针对运载火箭飞行姿态控制中采用多速率陀螺组合代替单速率陀螺的问题,提出了任意数量速率陀螺组合的斜率计算方法,方法适用于大型运载火箭一级飞行速率陀螺组合姿态控制方式。推导了组合斜率不确定度的计算公式,并将不确定度纳入组合系数矩阵的计算当中,从而给出了一套工程实用的多速率陀螺组合姿态控制弹性稳定性策略。利用工程实例说明了组合速率陀螺较单个陀螺的优势。多速率陀螺的使用降低了对全箭模态试验振型斜率选位和斜率测量精度的要求,可为未来运载火箭不开展全箭试验提供支撑。     

喷管气动参数对推力矢量影响的数值模拟

以二元收扩喷管为对象,开展了基于二次流喷射的流体推力矢量技术研究。基于CFD技术,分析了激波矢量控制技术实现推力矢量的机理。重点分析了喷管落压比NPR,二次流总压比SPR,自由流马赫数Ma∞对流体推力矢量性能的影响。数值模拟结果表明:推力矢量的大小与斜激波的位置、角度以及流动分离区的大小有关。在所计算的参数范围内,推力矢量随喷管主次流的变化规律是:推力矢量角随NPR的增大逐渐减小;随SPR的增加,推力矢量角单调增加;在大落压比时,自由流马赫数对推力矢量的影响是有限的,而在低落压比时,自由流马赫数增加,推力矢量角减小。     

低测角精度下的轨道确定计算方法

根据单位矢量法测轨原理,给出了在测角精度比较低或没有测角资料的情况下,利用测距、测速资料进行初轨和轨道改进的计算方法。工程实践应用表明,在测角精度比较低而测距、测速精度相对高的情况下,该方法可有效地提高轨道确定的精度。     

基于AC4880xC—C声码器的话音通信设备的设计

介绍了基于奥科公司AC4880xC-C声码器和利用低速率话音压缩编码技术（ITU-T G.729A）设计低比特率话音通信设备的方法。理论与实验表明，该系统具有编码速率低，合成语音质量高，抗误码性能好等优点，可有效提高宽带利用率，具有很好的应用前景。     

二元喷管对发动机性能影响的实验研究

用涡喷-6发动机，在地面台架上对二元收敛喷管和轴对称收敛喷管进行了发动机性能的对比试验，研究了二元喷管的气动特性和喷口面积的影响。结果表明，二元喷管对发动机推力和耗油率影响不大，在发动机最大状态，二元喷管推力约比轴对称喷管小1．0％，耗油率增加约0．7％。     

基于误码率准则的窄带干扰抑制算法性能分析

采用有效的窄带干扰抑制技术,可极大地改善扩频通信系统的性能.首先详细介绍了频域干扰抑制算法的基本思想,给出了算法实现的模块框图;其次具体分析了算法实现的关键技术：重叠加窗,背景噪声估计,干扰门限确定及干扰消除策略;最后以误码率作为干扰消除算法性能的评判标准,仿真分析了频域窄带干扰抑制技术中干扰强度、干扰频带宽度、干扰频率位置、干扰消除门限、陷幅值、加窗重叠度等因素对系统误码率的影响,为在不同条件下算法最佳参数的选取提供了依据.仿真结果表明：当干扰消除门限值取4aF,陷幅值取2σF～6σF,加窗重叠度为50％时,该算法可获得最佳抗干扰性能.     

流星突发通信信道日变化预测模型

流星突发通信不同于传统的通信, 其是低速率通信, 具有突发、不连续、不定时的特性. 因此, 流星余迹通信的复杂性要求有必要对其通信信道进行建模. 在流星通信链路中, 流星的辐射分布、可用流星率和占空比是影响流星通信信道性能的重要参数. 流星辐射分布在不同季节不同时间都各不相同, 因此准确预测流星通信链路在不同时间的流星辐射分布, 从而改变大圆路径上天线的指向, 对提高通信速率显得非常重要. 同时, 准确预测流星突发通信链路上的可用流星率和占空比, 有助于准确预测并建立流星突发信道模型. 本文分析研究了偶发流星辐射分布建模的发展, 建立了偶发流星日心空间和地心空间的几何关系, 得到了流星突发通信信道参数预测模型. 并将预测模型应用于流星通信链路, 预测结果与通信链路观测结果比较一致, 为流星通信系统的建立提供了技术支持.      

A study of L band scintillations during the initial phase of rising solar activity at an Indian low latitude station

The ionospheric scintillation and TEC (Total Electron Content) variations are studied using GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements at an Indian low latitude station Surat (21.16°N, 72.78°E; Geomagnetic: 12.90°N, 147.35°E), situated near the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly region. The results are presented for data collected during the initial phase of current rising solar activity (low to moderate solar activity) period between January 2009 and December 2011. The results show that within a total number of 656 night-time scintillation events, 340 events are observed with TEC depletions, Rate of change of TEC (ROT) fluctuations and enhancement of Rate of change of TEC Index (ROTI). A comparison of night-time scintillation events from the considered period reveal strong correlation amongst the duration of scintillation activity in S₄ index_, TEC depletion, ROT fluctuations and ROTI enhancement in the year 2011, followed by the year 2010 and least in 2009. The statistical analyses of scintillation activity with enhancement of ROTI also show that about 70–96% scintillation activity took place in equinox and winter months. Moreover, from a nocturnal variation in occurrence of scintillation with (S₄ ? 0.2) and enhancement of ROTI with (ROTI ? 0.5), a general trend of higher occurrence in pre-midnight hours of equinox and winter seasons is observed in both indices during the year 2011 and 2010, while no significant trend is observed in the year 2009. The results suggest the presence of F-region ionospheric irregularities with scale sizes of few kilometers and few hundred meters over Surat and are found to be influenced by solar and magnetic activity.     

一种超低速转台速率指标的测量方法

介绍一种超低速转台（0.000 01°/s ～0.000 1°/s）速率误差、速率平稳度和速率分辨力的测量方法。该测量方法采用三角测量法,其速率指标测量是通过测量出规定时间内的线位移,用相应公式计算出角速率的各项测量结果。通过实际测量和测量不确定度分析,该测量方法能满足超低速转台速率误差、速率平稳度和速率分辨力的测量要求。该测量方法不仅能解决实际工作中出现的检测问题,也有助于提高超低转速转台,特别是转速为0.000 01°/s速率转台的研制的水平。     

Spatio-temporal analysis of ionospheric disturbances for ground based augmentation systems over a midlatitude region

Forcings from above and below the ionosphere can cause disturbances that need to be detected and corrected for navigation systems. Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) are used to give corrections to aircraft navigation systems while landing. These systems use regional ionosphere monitoring algorithms to detect the anomalies in the ionosphere. The aim of this study is to understand occurrence of ionosphere anomalies and their trends over Turkey. A comprehensive analysis of spatio-temporal variability of ionosphere is carried out for a midlatitude GPS network using Slant Total Electron Content (STEC). Differential Rate Of TEC (DROT), which is a measure of the amount of deviation of temporal derivative of TEC from its trend, is used to detect and classify the level of such disturbances. The GPS satellite tracks are grouped into north, east, west and over directions. The 24 h is divided into six time intervals. The percentage occurrence of each DROT category and the deviation from STEC trend in magnitude are calculated and grouped into satellite track directions and time intervals for 2010 (low solar activity), 2011 and 2012 (medium solar activity). The highest level of disturbances is observed in north and west directions, and during sunrise and sunset hours. The dominant periods of percentage occurrences are diurnal (22–25 h), semidiurnal (12–13 h) and terdiurnal (8–9 h) followed by quasi two-day and quasi 16-day periods. Disturbances corresponding to 50% < DROT < 70% are mostly visible during low solar activity years with magnitudes from 1 to 2 TECU. Geomagnetic storms can cause aperiodic larger scale disturbances that are mostly correlated with DROT > 70%. In 2012, the magnitude of such disturbances can reach 5 TECU. The anisotropic and dynamic nature of midlatitude ionosphere is reflected in the spatio-temporal and spectral distributions of DROT, and their percentage occurrences. This study serves a basis for future studies about development of a regional ionosphere monitoring for Turkey.