点火发动机形成的受限喷流流场数值模拟

从曲线坐标下的气体Ｎ－Ｓ方程出发，采用ＥＮＯ差分格式，对点火发动机工作初期，在固体火箭发动机内腔形成的受限冷喷流流场进行数值模拟，在此基础上，分析了喷流的流场结构及特性。     

无切口连续拉深成形工艺分析及模具设计要点

阐述了无切口连续拉深成形的工艺分析思路和模具设计要点，并对实际生产中出现的问题进行了剖析，给出了解决问题的办法。     

Multi-objective optimization of different dome reinforcement methods for composite cases

A multi-objective optimization method was proposed for different dome reinforcement methods of a filament-wound solid rocket motor composite case based on a Radial Basis Function (RBF) model. Progressive damage of the composite case was considered in a simulation based on Hashin failure criteria, and simulation results were validated by hydraulic burst tests to precisely predict the failure mode, failure position, and burst pressure. An RBF surrogate model was established and evaluated by Relative Average Absolute Error (RAAE), Relative Maximum Absolute Error (RMAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R² methods to improve the optimization efficient of dome reinforcement. In addition, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was employed to establish multi-objective optimization models of variable-angle and variable-polar-radius dome reinforcements to investigate the coupling effect of the reinforcement angle, reinforcement layers, and reinforcement range on the case performance. Optimal reinforcement parameters were obtained and used to establish a progressive damage model of the composite case with dome reinforcement. In accordance with progressive damage analysis, the burst pressure and performance factor were obtained. Results illustrated that variable-angle dome reinforcement was the optimal reinforcement method compared with variable-polar-radius dome reinforcement as it could not only ensure the reinforcement angle’s continuous changing but also decrease the mass of composite materials. Compared with the unreinforced case, the reinforced case exhibited an increase in the burst pressure and performance factor of 36.1% and 23.5%, respectively.     

网球初学者正手击球技术难点分析

网球的技术性很强,正手击球是其中最为基本的一项技术。从网球技术动作的生物力学原理以及身体姿势、动作轨迹、动作时间、动作速度、动作速率、动作力量几项动作要素分析了网球正手击球技术动作,帮助网球初学者解析拍面角度的控制、击球点的掌握以及挥拍的轨迹等技术难点,从而建立了清晰的动作概念,促进了正手击球技术的快速掌握。     

中碳钢管焊接热裂纹产生的原因及对策

中碳钢总体来说焊接性差，若焊材的选择不当或工艺处理不当都会导致焊接热裂纹的出现，热裂纹的产生主要与焊材或母材中碳、硫、磷含量过高有关，与焊接工艺方法也有一定关系。为避免热裂纹的出现，必须制订合理的焊接工艺，减少碳、硫、磷有害合金元素溶人焊缝，采用抗裂性好的碱性焊条或TIG焊接及适当的工艺措施等，对解决热裂纹有重要的意义。     

The optimization of the orbital Hohmann transfer

There are four bi-impulsive distinct configurations for the generalized Hohmann orbit transfer. In this case the terminal orbits as well as the transfer orbit are elliptic and coplanar. The elements of the initial orbit a₁, e₁ and the semi-major axis a₂ of the terminal orbit are uniquely given quantities. For optimization procedure, minimization is relevant to the independent parameter e_T, the eccentricity of the transfer orbit. We are capable of the assignment of minimum rocket fuel expenditure by using ordinary calculus condition of minimization for |ΔV_A|+|ΔV_B|=S.We exposed in detail the multi-steps of the optimization procedure. We constructed the variation table of S(e_T) which proved that S(e_T) is a decreasing function of e_T in the admissible interval [e_Tmin,e_Tmax]. Our analysis leads to the fact that e₂=1 for e_T=e_Tmax, i.e. the final orbit is a parabolic trajectory.     

飞机滚转速率振荡指标评定中的不确定性

本文对评定飞机滾转速率振荡特性的规范条款的使用进行了研究。现有规范规定,飞机滚转速率振荡特性可由ε_x(t)曲线的峰谷值来加以评定。本文从ε_x(t)曲线的变化规律中发现,由于ε_x(t)的非线性特性,在特定情况下,对应于ε_x(t)曲线峰谷值状态的ε_x(t)=0的解具有不连续的跳跃现象,这将导致滚转速率振荡指标的计算结果具有不确定性。通过推导计算,本文求得了产生此种突变现象时,传递函数(ε_x)/(δ~x)(s)的零极点位置的变化轨迹线,证实了计算滚转速率振荡特性指标值时存在的不确定性,求得了产生此种现象的具体条件,进而对现有规范中的有关条款提出了建议。     

弹塑性材料全拉伸曲线拟合的新模型

提出用分指数四项式拟合弹塑性材料的以应变表示应力的拉伸曲线．利用几个材料拉伸特征点的数据，就能获得全拉伸曲线的简单统一的表达式．与典型航空弹塑性材料的试验全拉伸曲线的对照表明，这种拟合模型具有很高的工程精度，从而具有重要的实用价值     

The isotopic composition of anomalous cosmic rays from sampex

Measurements of the anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) isotopic composition have been made in three regions of the magnetosphere accessible from the polar Earth orbit of SAMPEX, including the interplanetary medium at high latitudes and geomagnetically trapped ACRs. At those latitudes where ACRs can penetrate the Earth's magnetic field while fully stripped galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) of similar energies are excluded, a pure ACR sample is observed to have the following composition: ¹⁵N/N < 0.023, ¹⁸O/¹⁶O < 0.0034, and ²²Ne/²⁰Ne = 0.077(+0.085, –0.023). We compare our values with those found by previous investigators and with those measured in other samples of solar and galactic material. In particular, a comparison of ²²Ne/²⁰Ne measurements from various sources implies that GCRs are not simply an accelerated sample of the local interstellar medium.