多变量线性时变系统的特征模型及自适应模糊控制方法

对于阶数及参数未知的高阶系统，如何设计一个工程上易于实现的低阶控制器，以实现有效的高性能控制，这是目前航天等领域亟待解决的问题。该文采用将对象特征和控制性能要求相结合的方法，对多输入一多输出高阶线性时变系统和一类非线性时变系统从理论上详细推导出了其特征模型，在此基础上设计了基于特征模型的稳定的自适应模糊广义预测控制方案。由于控制结构中使用了分层模糊系统，从而减少了模糊规则数目。通过对一个挠性航天器控制的仿真实验验证了所给方法的有效性。     

电池安装支架的约束阻尼处理

某产品的电池在地面试验中由于振动响应过大而出现故障.本文采有限元分析的方法对电池支架进行约束阻尼处理的优化设计,并进行试验验证.结果表明,采用约束阻尼技术后,电池的功率谱密度共振峰值放大倍数由未处理前的28倍下降到14倍,电池故障完全排除,验证了约束阻尼减振技术对此类板和薄壳等结构进行减振的有效性.     

基于RVM回归误差补偿的航空发动机分布式控制系统多步预测控制

针对具有随机有界双侧时延的航空发动机分布式控制系统,提出了一种基于多步预测和关联向量机(RVM)回归误差补偿的控制方案.首先建立航空发动机分布式控制系统(DCS)的神经网络非线性自回归滑动平均(NARMA)模型,利用当前的系统输出和控制量对N步之后的系统输出进行预测;其次用改进的RVM回归多步预测算法估计NARMA模型的的预测误差,并对预测结果进行误差补偿;最后利用补偿之后的预测值和设定值对控制参数进行滚动优化,设计系统的神经网络逆控制器实现系统的自适应控制.仿真结果证明该控制策略能够避免随机有界双侧时延对控制系统的影响,实现对设定值的稳定跟踪,且控制器具有较好的实时性和鲁棒性.低压转子转速阶跃响应的稳态绝对误差小于0.04%,响应时间小于0.3s.      

非线性模型预测控制的研究进展

近年来,模型预测控制（Model predictive control,MPC）的理论和技术得到了长足发展,随着线性系统模型预测控制的大量成功应用,基于非线性模型的预测控制简称非线性预测控制（NMPC）引起了广泛关注,并取得了丰富的研究成果。文章基于非线性模型预测控制的基本原理,对目前该领域的热点问题和取得的成果进行了综述,指出了研究不确定系统和时滞系统的非线性模型预测控制对进一步发展预测控制理论和拓宽其应用范围的意义。     

模型预测控制（MPC）在飞机自动着陆系统中的应用

进场着陆是飞行的复杂阶段,虽然仅占整个飞行的2%～3%,却大约有1/3的飞行事故发生在此阶段,而高速喷气式飞机的飞行事故有一半以上是发生在进场着陆阶段。本次仿真的对象是一种具有特殊外形的无人机,对侧向着陆精度要求很高。于是文中采取了预测控制器加经典PID控制器构成了分层控制系统。动态矩阵法的在线优化和反馈校正等特点有效地提高了系统的整体性能。结果表明,这种方法可以有效地提高着陆精度并严格控制接地时的滚转角。     

基于预测控制的角度约束制导律设计

针对低高度、大倾角末端姿态约束问题,提出了一种弹道跟踪制导律.离线优化得到满足终端约束的基准弹道.为了避免出现奇异,将对位置的跟踪转换为对视线角及视线角速度的跟踪.根据当前状态,利用连续时间非线性预测控制,以弹道跟踪误差和控制能量的组合为性能指标,在线滚动优化得到制导指令,分析了制导律的参数选取,最后对该制导律进行了全...     

Obstacle avoidance handling and mixed integer predictive control for space robots

This paper presents a novel obstacle avoidance constraint and a mixed integer predictive control (MIPC) method for space robots avoiding obstacles and satisfying physical limits during performing tasks. Firstly, a novel kind of obstacle avoidance constraint of space robots, which needs the assumption that the manipulator links and the obstacles can be represented by convex bodies, is proposed by limiting the relative velocity between two closest points which are on the manipulator and the obstacle, respectively. Furthermore, the logical variables are introduced into the obstacle avoidance constraint, which have realized the constraint form is automatically changed to satisfy different obstacle avoidance requirements in different distance intervals between the space robot and the obstacle. Afterwards, the obstacle avoidance constraint and other system physical limits, such as joint angle ranges, the amplitude boundaries of joint velocities and joint torques, are described as inequality constraints of a quadratic programming (QP) problem by using the model predictive control (MPC) method. To guarantee the feasibility of the obtained multi-constraint QP problem, the constraints are treated as soft constraints and assigned levels of priority based on the propositional logic theory, which can realize that the constraints with lower priorities are always firstly violated to recover the feasibility of the QP problem. Since the logical variables have been introduced, the optimization problem including obstacle avoidance and system physical limits as prioritized inequality constraints is termed as MIPC method of space robots, and its computational complexity as well as possible strategies for reducing calculation amount are analyzed. Simulations of the space robot unfolding its manipulator and tracking the end-effector’s desired trajectories with the existence of obstacles and physical limits are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed obstacle avoidance strategy and MIPC control method of space robots.     

An optimization tool for satellite equipment layout

Selection of the satellite equipment layout with performance constraints is a complex task which can be viewed as a constrained multi-objective optimization and a multiple criteria decision making problem. The layout design of a satellite cabin involves the process of locating the required equipment in a limited space, thereby satisfying various behavioral constraints of the interior and exterior environments. The layout optimization of satellite cabin in this paper includes the C.G. offset, the moments of inertia and the space debris impact risk of the system, of which the impact risk index is developed to quantify the risk to a satellite cabin of coming into contact with space debris. In this paper an optimization tool for the integration of CAD software as well as the optimization algorithms is presented, which is developed to automatically find solutions for a three-dimensional layout of equipment in satellite. The effectiveness of the tool is also demonstrated by applying to the layout optimization of a satellite platform.     

基于改进GPC的无人直升机动态路径规划

针对小型无人直升机航迹受到风场扰动和导航系统定位误差影响下的航迹最优规划问题,建立了风扰动和导航误差影响下的飞行航迹线性模型。基于混合整数规划思想,采用粒子滤波改进广义模型预测控制算法实时规划航迹,降低了导航定位误差造成的航迹估计偏差,提高了航迹估计精度。仿真结果表明,该算法能够生成三维可行航迹并躲避障碍物,且规划时间和无人机能耗较传统方法显著减少。     

直升机结构响应主动控制研究中的若干问题

随着控制理论的不断发展，主动控制的实现方式也多种多样。在线辨识是自适应控制的关键所在，而辨识算法也是多种多样，这样结合在线辨识功能的自适应控制种类就更多。本文旨在对已经应用或者即将应用和可能应用到在直升机振动控制上的，并具有在线辨识功能的多种结构响应主动控制技术进行比较，并提出其中值得研究的若干问题，有助于今后的进一步研究。