Comparative analysis of global optical observability of satellites in LEO

With a growing number of resident space objects (RSOs), the facilities for near-Earth space surveillance have to cope with increasing workload. It also applies to low-cost small optical surveillance facilities which may present regional, national and global networks. Improved methods of planning and scheduling optical telescopes are required to use these instruments efficiently. Today, optical observations are only feasible if the following quite stringent requirements are met: the object should be illuminated by sunlight, and it should be above while the Sun is below the observer’s horizon. For different orbits, these preconditions result in varying degrees of the space object observability at various ground-based sites. Certainly, satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) are particularly difficult to observe. This study aims at developing a new technique for assessing observability of a satellite in different types of orbits – namely, low, medium and high Earth orbits, imaging of the opportunity for its visibility in respective diagrams and their analysing for the existing near-Earth population of RSOs. Unlike other researches, wherein one or several observational stations have been chosen as target sites for in-depth analyses of visibility of all the satellites or just the selected ones, the present study focuses on examining the probability of optical surveillance of satellites in a certain orbit from any locations worldwide. It offers considerable scope for automation of surveillance planning and scheduling optical surveillance networks.     

Aero-optical effects simulation technique for starlight transmission in boundary layer under high-speed conditions

Aero-optical effects for starlight transmission in the high-speed flow field will reduce the accuracy of the star sensor on an aircraft. Numerical simulations for aero-optical effects usually require plenty of calculations, which cause difficulties when designing a celestial navigation system for a high-speed aircraft. In this study, an Aero-Optical Simulator For Starlight Transmission (AOSST) in the boundary layer is developed. It effectively reduces the computational burden compared to that of the widely used CFD simulation, and it achieves satisfactory accuracy. In this simulator, gas ellipsoids satisfying certain design rules are used to simulate coherent density structures in boundary layers. Design rules for the gas ellipsoids are found from published experimental and high-fidelity CFD simulation results. The generated wavefront distortion by AOSST is anchored with the scale law for aero-optical distortion in the boundary layer by determining some control parameters, which enables the simulator to output reliable results over a wide range of flight states. Four numerical examples are provided to verify the performance of AOSST. The results demonstrate that AOSST is able to simulate the directional dependence of aero-optical distortions in boundary layers, the variation trend of distorted wavefront shapes with Reynolds number, and the grayscale distribution on the disturbed star map.     

基于PDCA循环的系统测试性设计方法

采用PDCA的核心思想，结合某型综合显示控制系统研发过程工程实际，提出了一套系统测试性设计的技术方法。通过将系统测试性设计过程按照“策划-实施-评估-改进”的戴明环循环思路，以测试性需求实现和验证为出发点，聚焦测试性设计技术状态风险管控，提出了测试性设计工作的关键技术路径，落实测试性设计过程闭环，可有效指导系统测试性设计。     

面向未来大容量通信的太赫兹无线通信技术

随着现代社会的发展，信息需求量快速增长，低频段频谱资源逐渐耗尽，无线通信频谱开始向着太赫兹波段（0.1 THz~10 THz）拓展，太赫兹通信技术已然成为未来大容量通信的重要发展方向之一。围绕着太赫兹通信技术，介绍了太赫兹通信特点及其应用场景，太赫兹通信用核心元器件的发展，国内外现有成果对比以及未来可能的发展趋势。同时，分别对微波光子学太赫兹通信系统、全固态太赫兹混频通信系统和直接调制太赫兹通信系统三种不同架构的系统进行分析和讨论，并对太赫兹通信技术的发展趋势以及未来应用场景进行了探讨。     

收发一体式无线电高度表设计

为了满足中小型掠海飞行器对无线电高度表的需求，基于IVS948模块设计了一种收发一体式无线电高度表。采用线性调频连续波体制，分析对比了锯齿波和对称三角波调制信号对测量高度的影响，并对其它主要参数的选取进行了计算和分析；对软件运行流程中各个工作模式的关键环节进行了具体说明，并将FFT-CZT算法引入高度测量中。经过对工程样机的带飞试验，其测量数据与GPS差分高度数据相一致。结果表明，该型高度表工作可靠，测量数据可信，精度高，可用于中小型掠海飞行器的飞行控制系统。     

空海一体战的演变

介绍了美军“空海一体战”产生的背景及其作战场景，分析了“空海一体战”这一概念的演变。2015年初，美国国防部决定将“空海一体战”更名为“全球公域介入与机动联合”概念。新概念反映出的最明显变化是美军为应对反介入/区域拒止（A2/AD）挑战，将对陆、海、空、天、电五大作战空间的战力进行集成，这打破了作战空间的局限性，更多强调的是全军联合、互操作的概念，同时新名称从称呼上模糊了作战构想的针对性。最后探讨了针对这一演变的应对策略。     

某机翼的安全预测载荷模型建立

基于试飞阶段全V-N包线的实测飞行载荷，将改进遗传算法、线性回归与BP神经网络融合，给出了一种适用于全寿命周期的自适应安全预测载荷模型建立方法。将该方法应用于某飞机机翼的安全预测载荷模型建立，并对所建立的载荷模型进行了全V-N包线的验证。分析了样本空间与载荷模型精度的关系。结果表明：建立的弯矩预测载荷全包线最大误差为10.6%、平均误差为1.0%，剪力的最大误差为9.1%、平均误差为0.4%，比优化线性和分段线性的误差小，比神经网络的收敛性好。随着建模数据从全样本、1/2、1/3、…、1/10样本的变化，弯矩和剪力方程的全V-N包线的最大误差整体呈增大趋势，弯矩最大误差变化范围为10.6%~19.6%，最大剪力误差变化范围为9.1%~27.9%。     

基于MPS4021的20W LED驱动电源设计

采用原边反馈方案设计出一款20W LED驱动电源,通过变压器初次级隔离省去了副边反馈电路,提高了驱动电源的安全性和可靠性,并节约了BOM成本。所设计的驱动电源实现了在全电压范围内输出电流精度达±5%、功率因数大于0.9、效率大于85%,使用寿命大于3万小时,电磁干扰符合EN55015限制要求,并且具备有过流保护和过压保护功能,对设计大功率LED驱动电源具有一定的参考价值。     

基于纠删码的遥测链路丢帧恢复技术

针对遥测系统在恶劣天气条件、航天器姿态调整、天线指向偏离、脉冲干扰等各种因素影响下出现的遥测信号闪断以至接收机丢帧问题,提出一种适用于闪断信道的纠删码技术,用于恢复丢失的数据帧.首先介绍LDPC（低密度奇偶校验）纠删码的编译码算法,然后构造一种以短码长的随机码为外码、IRA（不规则重复累积）LDPC码为内码的级联纠删码,最后给出纠删码的应用策略和实现纠删码所需的CCSDS（空间数据系统咨询委员会）协议扩展.通过仿真实验和分析,得到了LDPC纠删码和级联纠删码的纠删性能,得出级联纠删码与LDPC纠删码均可获得接近理想的纠删性能的结论,且级联纠删码的构造更为灵活,可适应不同的应用环境,对CCSDS协议进行适当扩展后即可支持纠删码在CCSDS遥测链路中的应用.     

NEW APPROACHES OF MUSCL SCHEMES FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS

The MUSCL scheme for compressible gas dynamicsis studied in this paper. We propose a new type of Euleri-an MUSCL scheme, which evaluates the intercell flux athalf time step. The intercell flux is comptuted from char-acteristic equations with the data which traced backthrough the approximatecharacteristic from the edge athalf time step. The data is classified in several differenttypes, depending on the characteristic directions of data.We also present a general procedure of oscillation-fre…