Novel method for reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from multispectral data for complex coastal and inland waters

Hyperspectral resolution image products of a synthetic sensor featuring the high spatial resolution of the space-borne sensor can offer cost-effective means for enhancing our current capabilities in terms of providing an array of images in lieu of designing an expensive system for image acquisition, which can serve the expanding needs of the scientific and user communities for various critical water color applications. Despite several studies on enhancing the capability of land remote sensing sensors, full spectrum reconstruction of water color images with varying spectral bands is hampered by the lack of methods and accurate atmospheric correction procedures. In the present work, a novel method is developed for reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from high spatial-resolution Sentinel 2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data representative of many complex waters in coastal and inland zones. This method uses a deep neural network (DNN) with multiple blocks of deconvolution and dense layers. The spectral reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from multispectral data was based on rigorous training data from the atmospherically-corrected and validated HICO normalized water-leaving radiance products (with spectral resolution 438-868 nm sampled at 5.7 nm) of diverse water types. The generalizability and versatility of the DNN method was tested and evaluated systematically by means of various qualitative and quantitative analyses using concurrent space-borne (MSI and HICO) and in-situ measurements from different regional waters. Reconstructed hyperspectral resolution radiances obtained from the MSI images closely matched with independent HICO and MSI measurements within the desired accuracy. Successful reconstruction and validation of the hyperspectral radiances indicate that the proposed state-of-the-art method provides possible future directions for enhancing our current capabilities of space-borne sensors for various research purposes and societal applications at local, regional and global scales.     

Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data for global single receiver

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) can improve precise point positioning (PPP) performance significantly. IAR for PPP became a highlight topic in global positioning system (GPS) community in recent years. More and more researchers focus on this issue. Progress has been made in the latest years. In this paper, we aim at investigating and demonstrating the performance of a global zero-differenced (ZD) PPP IAR service for GPS users by providing routine ZD uncalibrated fractional offsets (UFOs) for wide-lane and narrow-lane. Data sets from all IGS stations collected on DOY 1, 100, 200 and 300 of 2010 are used to validate and demonstrate this global service. Static experiment results show that an accuracy better than 1 cm in horizontal and 1–2 cm in vertical could be achieved in ambiguity-fixed PPP solution with only hourly data. Compared with PPP float solution, an average improvement reaches 58.2% in east, 28.3% in north and 23.8% in vertical for all tested stations. Results of kinematic experiments show that the RMS of kinematic PPP solutions can be improved from 21.6, 16.6 and 37.7 mm to 12.2, 13.3 and 34.3 mm for the fixed solutions in the east, north and vertical components, respectively. Both static and kinematic experiments show that wide-lane and narrow-lane UFO products of all satellites can be generated and provided in a routine way accompanying satellite orbit and clock products for the PPP user anywhere around the world, to obtain accurate and reliable ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.     

Towards PPP-RTK: Ambiguity resolution in real-time precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution at a single station can be achieved by introducing predetermined uncalibrated phase delays (UPDs) into the float ambiguity estimates of precise point positioning (PPP). This integer resolution technique has the potential of leading to a PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic) model where PPP provides rapid convergence to a reliable centimeter-level positioning accuracy based on an RTK reference network. Nonetheless, implementing this model is technically subject to how rapidly we can fix wide-lane ambiguities, stabilize narrow-lane UPD estimates, and achieve the first ambiguity-fixed solution. To investigate these issues, we used 7 days of 1-Hz sampling GPS data at 91 stations across Europe. We find that at least 10 min of observations are required for most receiver types to reliably fix about 90% of wide-lane ambiguities corresponding to high elevations, and over 20 min to fix about 90% of those corresponding to low elevations. Moreover, several tens of minutes are usually required for a regional network before a narrow-lane UPD estimate stabilizes to an accuracy of far better than 0.1 cycles. Finally, for hourly data, ambiguity resolution can significantly improve the accuracy of epoch-wise position estimates from 13.7, 7.1 and 11.4 cm to 0.8, 0.9 and 2.5 cm for the East, North and Up components, respectively, but a few tens of minutes is required to achieve the first ambiguity-fixed solution. Therefore, from the timeliness aspect, our PPP-RTK model currently cannot satisfy the critical requirement of instantaneous precise positioning where ambiguity-fixed solutions have to be achieved within at most a few seconds. However, this model can still be potentially applied to some near-real-time remote sensing applications, such as the GPS meteorology.     

提高空间光学遥感器有效分辨率的方法研究

亚像元成像技术是实现相机小型化、提高相机空间分辨率的有效方法。文章介绍了国内外主流的亚像元成像技术,分析了采样方式对标称分辨率及有效分辨率的影响。提出了基于倒易晶胞理论的自适应倒易晶胞用于调整错位频谱的方法,进一步提高了遥感器的有效分辨率。     

有关航天遥感图像地面分辨率的札记

通常所言的航天遥感图像的地面分辨率只是与图像细部特征尺度相对应的地面尺度。对有关航天遥感图像地面分辨率的几个问题进行了讨论。     

基于位置信息的高分辨雷达角闪烁抑制方法

角闪烁误差是导引头寻的制导的主要误差来源,基于高分辨力雷达的单脉冲测角算法可有效改善角闪烁现象。现有的研究大多基于幅度加权的思想,利用距离单元的幅度信息进行加权平滑处理。本文在现有高分辨测角算法的基础上,结合高分辨一维距离像的位置信息,提出了一种新的角度信息处理方法。该算法充分利用了距离像有效单元的目标信息,提高了角度测量精度。仿真实验表明该算法对角闪烁有较好的抑制作用。     

滚珠丝杠在超精密定位中的应用

通过分析滚珠丝杠驱动机构的特点,对目前利用这种驱动方式实现大行程的具有纳米分辨率的定位系统的关键技术进行论述。     

基于Agent航空器滑行避让过程的建模与仿真

针对航空器地面滑行过程中出现的冲突避让问题,采用多Agent方法,在满足航空器规则与流程的基础上,设计了符合管制员思维的分布式多Agent模型.对每个Agent的功能以及Agent之间的交互进行了详细的描述,同时利用事件驱动(event-condition-action)语言描述了Agent推理过程.最后利用Anylogic仿真平台对多Agent模型进行验证,验证结果证明采用规则的算法可智能有效地避免航空器冲突,且符合航空器的运行流程.     

合成孔径雷达的辐射分辨特性

专家论述合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）的辐射分辨特性。首先阐述ＳＡＲ图像像元强度所应奠定的概率分布－－χ＾２分布，然后用不同方法去度量该分布的宽度，由此产生了多种辐射分辨率定义，以指定图像强工时的错误概率为准则来比较各种定义，从而进一步揭示其内涵。还导出了存在系统热噪声辐射分辩率的定量计算关系式。并论述了辐射分辨特性对ＳＡＲ图像可懂度的影响。     

反辐射导弹导引头多目标分辨方案研究

提出被动微波导引头多目标鉴别电路和战时电子支援系统一体化设计的设想，贯彻“面载复杂、弹载从简”的原则，使被动微波反辐射导弹导引头信号分选和目标识别电路力求简单。