Predicting atmospheric delays for rapid ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) can shorten the initialization and re-initialization time, and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions are also more reliable and accurate than ambiguity-float PPP solutions. However, signal interruptions are unavoidable in practical applications, particularly while operating in urban areas. Such signal interruptions can cause discontinuity of carrier phase arc, which introduces new integer ambiguities. Usually it will take approximately 15 min of continuous tracking to a reasonable number of satellites to fix new integer ambiguities. In many applications, it is impractical for a PPP user to wait for such a long time for the re-initialization. In this paper, a method for rapid ambiguity fixing in PPP is developed to avoid such a long re-initialization time. Firstly, the atmospheric delays were estimated epoch by epoch from ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions before the data gap or cycle slip occurs. A random walk procedure is then applied to predict the atmospheric delays accurately over a short time span. The predicted atmospheric delays then can be used to correct the observations which suffer from signal interruptions. Finally, the new ambiguities can be fixed with a distinct WL-LX-L3 (here LX denotes either of L1, L2) cascade ambiguity resolution strategy. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method and strategy can fix zero-difference integer ambiguities successfully with only a single-epoch observation immediately after a short data gap. This technique works even when all satellites are interrupted at the same time. The duration of data gap bridged by this technique could be possibly extended if a more precise atmospheric delay prediction is found or on-the-fly (OTF) technology is applied. Based on the proposed method, real-time PPP with integer ambiguity fixing becomes more feasible in practice.     

GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution based on integrity restriction in ambiguity domain

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a key technology for high-precision navigation and positioning, and it is a challenge for applications which require both high accuracy and high integrity. This paper proposes efficient ambiguity resolution methods based on integrity restriction using Fixed Failure rate Ratio Test (FF-RT) and Doubly Non-central F-distribution Ratio Test (DNF-RT), and derives the related processing models and numerical algorithms compared with the traditional Ratio Test (RT) method. Firstly, the integer ambiguity resolution and validation procedures, especially the Least squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) estimation and RT validation are analyzed. Then the quality evaluation using success rate, the FF-RT method using Integer Aperture (IA) estimation and the NDF-RT method are proposed. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for LAMBDA using RT, FF-RT and DNF-RT methods are performed. Simulation results show that in case of unbiased scenario FF-RT and DNF-RT have similar performances, which are significantly better than RT. In case of biased scenario it is difficult for FF-RT to predict the biased success rate thus it should not be used for bias detection, while DNF-RT can detect biases in most cases except for the biases are approximate or equal to integer, which has the important benefit for early detection of potential threat to the position solution.     

基于属性散射中心模型的SAR超分辨成像算法

基于属性散射中心模型,提出一种稳健而快速的SAR超分辨成像算法,在超分辨的同时能够考虑到目标的整体结构。首先利用改进的正交匹配追踪算法（OMP）对简化的属性散射中心模型进行参数估计,然后基于估计的模型参数在信号重构时进行二维频谱外推实现SAR超分辨成像。该算法具有较高的运算效率,相对于传统基于点散射模型超分辨算法,能够有效解决部件不连续的问题,并且初始指向角的利用可以取得良好的聚焦效果。仿真实验验证了该算法的优越性。     

雷达导引头对拖曳式诱饵干扰的检测和识别新方法

有源拖曳式雷达诱饵能够实现角度欺骗、距离欺骗、速度欺骗三重干扰效果,它通过电缆与被保护目标相连接,两者具有相同的运动特性,载机和拖曳式诱饵在距离、速度和角度上分辨不出来,导引头的响应会成为两个射频源的复杂函数,这将产生一个角度误差,从而增加了导弹的脱靶距离。为了提高雷达抗拖曳式诱饵能力,从空间角度分辨力入手,在常规单脉冲雷达系统结构上,利用了结构的冗余信息,提取对角线差通道的接收信号,然后与和通道、俯仰差通道、方位差通道联合建立方程组,求解得到目标和诱饵的角度信息,并对两者的信号幅度进行了分离,提出了诱饵识别的方法。仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

基于可拓规则推理的故障诊断方法

针对产生式规则推理方法存在的推理效率低、知识获取困难以及难以用于多故障诊断等问题,研究基于可拓规则推理的故障诊断方法。首先将基元理论和产生式规则相结合,得到可拓规则的基元表示;然后给出可拓规则匹配度计算公式,并提出按前件基元类型和属性数据类型不同对可拓规则进行分层匹配,对所有匹配成功的可拓规则,提出先删减再排序的冲突消解策略,在算法分析中讨论可拓规则推理的时间复杂度;最后通过应用案例说明可拓规则表示、匹配、推理和冲突消解的全过程,结果表明该方法适用于机载设备的多故障诊断。      

弹道中段多目标微多普勒分离方法

针对窄带雷达获取的多目标回波中微多普勒信息相互交叠、难以分离与提取的问题,提出了一种基于拍卖算法和小波分析相结合的多目标微多普勒分离方法。在滑动散射模型的基础上,首先通过对回波信号进行预处理得到时频骨架,再根据弹道目标多普勒的变化规律及估计的进动周期定义路径长度,利用拍卖算法提取出多条多普勒曲线对应的最短路径,最后采用小波分析法消除多普勒曲线中的剩余平动分量,实现了多目标微多普勒的分离。仿真结果表明,该方法能够较好地解决交叉区域的路径选择问题,且抗噪性较好,适用于多种微动形式。     

基于复杂网络的无人机飞行冲突解脱算法

为解决局部空域内的无人机（UAV）群相撞和可能发生连锁碰撞问题,创新地以复杂网络理论为基础,将无人机群的飞行冲突解脱分为关键节点选择和避撞方向选择2个步骤实施,最大限度地保证无人机群受威胁时的安全性。通过分析无人机群的状态信息,选择最重要无人机（关键节点）进行避撞,同时遵循鲁棒性最小原则进行避撞方向选择。通过2个典型无人机飞行案例的仿真实验,验证该策略不仅可以有效解决当前无人机的冲突问题,而且可以防止连锁碰撞,实现整体的最优化。大量仿真实验验证了所提算法的可行性和可扩展性,以及与随机选择方向避撞算法进行比较,结果表明该算法能够提升无人机群的安全性。     

基于FPGA的大比例系数高精度I/F电路设计

加速度计是惯性导航系统的核心部件,通常加速度计的输出信号为模拟电流,为便于导航计算机对采集数据解算处理,需经过I/F（电流/频率）转换电路。为满足某惯导系统对大比例系数加速度信号采集转换的要求,在经典I/F电路的基础上结合FPGA+A/D设计了一种比例系数大于90000脉冲/（s·mA）,量程为6mA的电流频率转换电路,同时转换电路支持串口输出。通过对该大比例系数I/F转换电路的温度特性、线性度、零位稳定性等指标的测试,表明该电路性能良好,有利于进一步拓展应用范围。     

基于有向元胞自动机的空中导航和冲突解脱算法

针对在ADS-B空域监视系统下,利用有向元胞自动机模型模拟空域,研究了飞机自主导航和飞行冲突解脱的问题。在考虑了飞机的飞行性能、最小安全间隔及飞行速度等限制条件下,建立了空域的网格模型。利用ADS-B技术,建立了有向元胞自动机运动规则,确定了有向元胞自动机的最佳运动方向,构建了飞机空中导航和空域冲突解决的算法。通过对避开空中限制区和3架飞机空中冲突解脱的仿真,给出了空中的导航路径。仿真结果表明,该算法是可行的。     

Enhanced baseline determination for formation flying LEOs by relative corrections of phase center and code residual variations

Formation flying Low Earth Orbiters(LEOs) are important for implementing new and advanced concepts in Earth observation missions. Precise Baseline Determination(PBD) is a prerequisite for LEOs to complete specified mission targets. PBD is usually performed based on space-borne GNSS data, the relative corrections of phase center and code residual variations play crucial roles in achieving the best relative orbit accuracy. Herein, the influences of antenna Relative Phase Centre Variations(RPCVs) a...