某涡轮级三维流场非定常数值研究

基于耦合Lantry-Menter转捩模型的SST(Shear stress transport)湍流模型,对某涡轮级在3个雷诺数工况下的全三维流场分别进行了定常、非定常数值模拟,目的在于对比分析两种计算方法所得结果之间的差异。计算结果表明,进口雷诺数为4×104时和5×105时,定常与非定常计算的涡轮级效率的差异较大,最大相差0.6个百分点,而当雷诺数为8×104时,两者差异很小;非定常计算能够较好的模拟叶尖泄漏涡的发展过程、低雷诺数下上游尾迹与下游转子叶片吸力面分离边界层干涉诱导卷起涡的形成、输运及其所导致的叶片吸力面表面压力大幅波动等非定常流动现象。最后,给出了转子出口截面上周向与径向的非定常压力脉动的分布,为基于Lighthill声类比方法的计算气动声学研究奠定了基础。     

返回器稀薄区气动特性工程计算方法的应用研究

中国航天返回器再入过程采用非弹道式再入轨道,其高空稀薄区滞留时间显著增长,稀薄效应对再入飞行的影响显著增强,因此快速而准确地预测返回器稀薄区气动特性变得非常重要。文章分析归纳了多种稀薄区气动特性工程计算方法即桥函数方法的发展和应用,并以 Stardust 返回舱为对象,对比分析了三种不同桥函数的预测精度,给出了在航天返回器气动预测中更为合适的工程方法。结果显示：不同桥函数预测结果差别很大;在不同攻角下,与数值模拟的对比分析表明,局部桥函数方法气动特性预测结果基本优于其它桥函数,尤其是在力矩系数预测上。因此稀薄区气动特性的预测采用局部桥函数较为合适。     

A transient bulk flow model with circular whirl motion for rotordynamic coefficients of annular seals

Bulk flow model with perturbation simplification has been used to calculate rotordynamic coefficients in annular seals which have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of rotors in turbomachinery. In this work, a transient bulk flow model with arbitrary rotor motion is developed, and the boundary conditions and friction factor in the model are calibrated with steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical solution scheme is developed based on the finite element method to obtain the transient reaction force in the seal clearance. With a periodic circular rotor orbit, the transient forces at multiple whirling frequencies are used to evaluate the rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage flowrate of CFD analysis has good agreement with experimental results and the calibrated parameters in bulk flow model are dependent on operating conditions. Although CFD calibration improves the accuracy of the perturbed bulk flow model, the direct damping is overestimated and the cross-coupled damping is underestimated. Compared with the perturbed model, the predictions of the transient bulk flow model are more agreeable with the experiment.     

Interface flux reconstruction method based on optimized weight essentially non-oscillatory scheme

Aimed at the computational aeroacoustics multi-scale problem of complex configurations discretized with multi-size mesh, the flux reconstruction method based on modified Weight Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme is proposed at the interfaces of multi-block grids. With the idea of Dispersion-Relation-Preserving (DRP) scheme, different weight coefficients are obtained by optimization, so that it is in WENO schemes with various characteristics of dispersion and dissipation. On the basis, hybrid flux vector splitting method is utilized to intelligently judge the amplitude of the gap between grid interfaces. After the simulation and analysis of 1D convection equation with different initial conditions, modified WENO scheme is proved to be able to independently distinguish the gap amplitude and generate corresponding dissipation according to the grid resolution. Using the idea of flux reconstruction at grid interfaces, modified WENO scheme with increasing dissipation is applied at grid points, while DRP scheme with low dispersion and dissipation is applied at the inner part of grids. Moreover, Gauss impulse spread and periodic point sound source flow among three cylinders with multi-scale grids are carried out. The results show that the flux reconstruction method at grid interfaces is capable of dealing with Computational AeroAcoustics (CAA) multi-scale problems.     

Numerical simulation of broken pin effects on the flow field and cooling performance of a double-wall cooling configuration

In this paper, the flow characteristics of the double wall structure are presented and the effect of the broken pin size on the cooling performance and flow field of the double wall configuration is investigated. A periodic plate model with seven units is adopted, and there are an impingement hole and a film hole in each unit. Under five blowing ratios, six different sizes of the broken pin are compared, and the double wall configuration without broken pins is taken as the baseline. The results show that if the broken pins height is too small, the cooling effectiveness usually cannot be improved. With the presence of broken pins with a height of more than 0.4, the effectiveness is improved due to the enhancement of reattachment and recirculation of coolant. With the increase of the broken pin height, the cooling effectiveness increases. However, the increase of the diameter does not always improve the cooling performance, since the limiting effect of the wall jet. In this study, Case 6 with the largest broken pin always has the best cooling performance, but also the largest flow resistance. In Case 6 temperature is reduced by almost 15 K compared to the baseline, and more areas have relatively higher cooling effectiveness.     

A hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver to couple self-similar method with MULTV method for complex flows

Since proposed, the self-similarity variables based genuinely multidimensional Riemann solver is attracting more attentions due to its high resolution in multidimensional complex flows. However, it needs numerous logical operations in supersonic cases, which limit the method’s applicability in engineering problems greatly. In order to overcome this defect, a hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver, called HMTHS (Hybrid of MulTv and multidimensional HLL scheme based on Self-similar structures), is proposed. It simulates the strongly interacting zone by adopting the MHLLES (Multidimensional Harten-Lax-van Leer-Eifeldt scheme based on Self-similar structures) scheme at subsonic speeds, which is with a high resolution by considering the second moment in the similarity variables. Also, it adopts the MULTV (Multidimensional Toro and Vasquez) scheme, which is with a high resolution in capturing discontinuities, to simulate the flux at supersonic speeds. Systematic numerical experiments, including both one-dimensional cases and two-dimensional cases, are conducted. One-dimensional moving contact discontinuity case and sod shock tube case suggest that HMTHS can accurately capture one-dimensional expansion waves, shock waves, and linear contact discontinuities. Two-dimensional cases, such as the double Mach reflection case, the supersonic shock / boundary layer interaction case, the hypersonic flow over the cylinder case, and the hypersonic viscous flow over the double-ellipsoid case, indicate that the HMTHS scheme is with a high resolution in simulating multidimensional complex flows. Therefore, it is promising to be widely applied in both scholar and engineering areas.     

X-37B的发展现状及空气动力技术综述

X-37B的研制和试验国内外一直高度关注。X-37B作为跨大气层飞行器,从空气动力技术角度分析其研究工作很有意义。介绍了X-37B的发展历程,分析了战略用途,并重点介绍了涉及的一些关键气动技术,如气动布局设计优化、气动舵面/RCS/O MS复合控制设计、热防护技术、气动辅助变轨技术等,对其利用三大手段开展的研究工作也作了简要介绍,最后简要总结了X-37B研制过程中的一些经验教训。     

跨声速风洞第二喉道性能计算

采用数值方法对跨声速风洞第二喉道性能进行了研究.首先根据第二喉道的一般设计准则,对第二喉道进行了气动设计,然后通过数值模拟对使用调节片和中心体调节第二喉道面积从而对试验段马赫数精确控制的效果进行了研究,结果表明其马赫数控制精度可以达到0.001;最后通过数值模拟对第二喉道气动设计进行了比对校核,并优选出最终设计方案.      

Complex Flow for Wing-in-ground Effect Craft with Power Augmented Ram Engine in Cruise

Power augmented ram (PAR) engine is a popular equipment to reduce the requirement of power for takeoff and improve aerodynamic performance. To provide detailed insight into the aerodynamic characteristics of wing-in-ground effect (WIG) craft with PAR engine, numerical simulations are carried out on WIG craft models in cruise. Simplified engine models are applied to the simulations. Two cruise modes for PAR engine are considered. The aerodynamic characteristics of the WIG craft and other features are studied. Comparisons with WIG craft model without PAR show that shutoff of PAR engine results in an increase in drag and less change in lift. Accordingly for the work of PAR engine, the air flow blown from the engine accelerates the flow around the upper surface and a high-speed attached flow near the trailing edge is recorded. With the schemed PAR flow, more suction force is realized and the flow features over the wing vary noticeably. It is also shown that the Coanda effect, provided with an attached flow, introduces an appropriate and practical flow mode for WIG craft with PAR engine in cruise. The results refresh our understanding on aerodynamic characteristics of WIG craft.     

细长圆锥前体非对称涡流场的等离子体控制

应用一对单介质阻挡放电(SDBD)等离子体激励器对顶角为20°的圆锥-圆柱组合体圆锥段分离涡流场进行了主动控制试验研究。试验在3.0m×1.6m低速低湍流度风洞中进行,迎角为45°,基于圆锥段底面直径的雷诺数为5×104。流动控制分为等离子体激励器关闭,左舷或右舷等离子体激励器分别开启,左右舷等离子体激励器占空循环3种模式。试验结果包括7个测量截面上的周向压力分布以及积分得到的截面当地力和力矩以及圆锥段力和力矩。研究结果表明,在圆锥头部尖端处迎风面两侧对称放置一对SDBD等离子体激励器,采用合适的激励器形式,并通过适当的电学参数,可以实现对细长旋成体侧向力和力矩的比例控制。通过对模型及等离子体激励器制作的改进,相对于前人相应的研究结果,本文中侧向力和力矩随占空比变化的线性度得到了改善。