直升机旋翼干扰对尾桨气动噪声影响的数值研究

采用基于运动嵌套网格的CFD方法来模拟直升机旋翼/尾桨气动干扰流场,为旋翼/尾桨干扰噪声的计算提供准确的非定常气动力,并采用FW-H方程来计算干扰状态下的尾桨气动噪声。采用建立的计算模型,针对不同飞行状态下的尾桨噪声特性进行数值模拟,分析了旋翼尾流对尾桨气动噪声的干扰特性,并着重研究了尾桨重要的设计参数——旋转方向和垂向位置对尾桨噪声的影响规律。计算结果表明:悬停时,旋翼对尾桨的气动干扰影响会导致尾桨的噪声水平有所增加,但不会发生显著的变化;前飞时,旋翼干扰对尾桨噪声影响较大,且旋转方向和垂向位置对干扰噪声特性具有重要影响。     

l1-based calibration of POD-Galerkin models of two-dimensional unsteady flows

This paper discusses a physics-informed methodology aimed at reconstructing efficiently the fluid state of a system. Herein, the generation of an accurate reduced order model of two-dimensional unsteady flows from data leverages on sparsity-promoting statistical learning techniques. The cornerstone of the approach is l₁ regularised regression, resulting in sparsely-connected models where only the important quadratic interactions between modes are retained. The original dynamical behaviour is reproduced at low computational costs, as few quadratic interactions need to be evaluated. The approach has two key features. First, interactions are selected systematically as a solution of a convex optimisation problem and no a priori assumptions on the physics of the flow are required. Second, the presence of a regularisation term improves the predictive performance of the original model, generally affected by noise and poor data quality. Test cases are for two-dimensional lid-driven cavity flows, at three values of the Reynolds number for which the motion is chaotic and energy interactions are scattered across the spectrum. It is found that: (A) the sparsification generates models maintaining the original accuracy level but with a lower number of active coefficients; this becomes more pronounced for increasing Reynolds numbers suggesting that extension of these techniques to real-life flow configurations is possible; (B) sparse models maintain a good temporal stability for predictions. The methodology is ready for more complex applications without modifications of the underlying theory, and the integration into a cyber-physical model is feasible.     

飞机起落架气动噪声特性仿真与试验

 对某型飞机前起落架的气动噪声特性进行了数值仿真分析和声学风洞试验研究。在典型飞机着陆速度下,采用分离涡(DES)方法模拟起落架周围非定常湍流流场,通过涡声理论计算声源的强度和位置,并利用FW-H(Ffowcs-Williams/Hawkings)方程积分外推法求解出不同部件及其组合件产生的声场,分析其噪声的产生机制、频谱特性及远场指向特性,同时评估各部件对总噪声的贡献量。在声学风洞中对轮胎和轮叉组合件进行气动声学试验,借助麦克风测量获得了噪声的频谱特性。基于部件固体表面积分计算的仿真结果与试验结果在声学远场条件下吻合较好。仿真结果表明:起落架气动噪声是钝体绕流噪声和空腔噪声的叠加,呈现宽频噪声的特性。强度最大的声源主要分布在起落架各部件的固体表面;轮胎噪声对总噪声的贡献最大,其次是轮叉噪声,支柱噪声对总噪声贡献最小。各部件噪声和总噪声均具有偶极子声源的辐射特性。空间可穿透积分面计算的声压级结果比固体表面计算的声压级结果大5 dB左右。该研究结果为低噪声起落架设计提供了一定的参考。     

A new model to simulate infrared radiation from an aircraft exhaust system

A multi-scale narrow band correlated-k distribution(MSNBCK) model is developed to simulate infrared radiation(IR) from an exhaust system of a typical aircraft engine.In this model,an approximate approach instead of statistically uncorrelated assumption is used to treat overlapping bands in gas mixture.It significantly reduces the requirement for computing power through converting the exponential increase of computing power consumption with the increase of participating gas species to linear increase.Besides,MSNBCK model has a great advantage compared with conventional methods which can estimate each species' contribution to the total gas mixture radiation intensity.Line by line(LBL) results,experimental data and other results in the references are used to evaluate this new model,which demonstrates its advantage in terms of accuracy and computing efficiency.By coupling this model and finite volume method(FVM) into radiative transfer equation(RTE),a comparative study is conducted to simulate IR signature from the exhaust system.The results indicate that wall's IR emission should be considered in both 3-5 μm and8-14 μm bands while gases' IR emission plays an important role only in 3-5 μm band.For plume IR radiation,carbon dioxide's emission is much more significant than that of water vapor in both3-5μm and 8-14 μm bands.Especially in 3-5 μm band,the water vapor's IR signal can even be neglected compared with that of carbon dioxide.     

基于CFD的座舱盖加温疲劳试验台设计方案优选

在对较大面积座舱盖进行长时间高低温频繁转换的加温疲劳试验时,实现座舱盖外表面温度场的均匀分布是保障试验可靠性的关键所在,也是设计疲劳试验台需要解决的技术难题。本文以座舱盖加温疲劳试验台为研究对象,以相互耦合的航向温差和展向温差定义温度场均匀性,考察不同设计参数对温度场均匀性的影响。选取环形通道的试验段和前过渡段为计算区域,并建立了三维非稳态对流-导热模型,基于计算流体力学（CFD）方法开展座舱盖加温疲劳试验台设计参数的方案优选,详细分析了入口温度控制周期、试验段的特征尺寸、入口流量和前过渡段特征角度对温度场均匀性的影响。研究发现：改变入口温度控制周期不会对座舱盖外表面温度分布产生显著影响,而调整试验段的特征尺寸可以明显改变航向温差和展向温差;此外,增大入口流量可以有效提高座舱盖外表面的温度场均匀性,通过改变前过渡段特征角度可以明显改善由风挡温度引起的温差超标问题,研究结果可为座舱盖加温疲劳试验台的设计方案优选提供理论支持。     

基于状态观测器的波束形成算法及其航空应用

随着数字信号处理技术的发展,基于声传感器阵列的经典波束形成算法广泛地应用于航空气动噪声检测领域中.但是,经典算法计算量大,并且它的算法结构决定了其无法用作实时算法.本文给出了一种基于状态观测器理论的新算法,介绍了观测器算法的理论背景、算法稳定性的证明、麦克风阵列的设计准则以及基于阵列进行的仿真结果.这种新算法在形式上类...     

基于SNGR方法的二维空腔噪声数值模拟

基于SNGR方法,采用有限差分法求解带源项的线化欧拉方程。数值方法采用色散关系保持(DRP)格式。低耗散色散龙格-库塔格式显式时间推进,采用无反射远场边界条件。对二维空腔,长深比为9∶1,在亚声速、跨声速和超声速多个马赫数下进行噪声预测,并与实验结果对比,两者吻合较好。     

鼻锥声学特性试验研究

该文内容涉及在气流当中进行声学测量存在的传感器自噪声问题.在速度为10m/s以下的气流中测量噪声,通常用泡沫球形风罩可有效降低气流流过传声器时产生的噪声(称为传感器自噪声).在速度为10m/s以上时,为降低自噪声,传声器必须装上特殊形式的鼻锥.但风速达到某个数值以后,传声器自噪声仍会太大以至于无法进行声学测量.所以,在高速气流中进行声学测量时,传感器自噪声成为测量的制约因素.根据自噪声主要取决于鼻锥的边界层与透声孔干扰的论断,笔者用风洞实验的方法研究了三种形式鼻锥的声学特性,试图寻找降低自噪声水平和提高实验风速的方法.研究表明,在透声孔上覆盖纱网可以降低传感器自噪声.在本文的实验条件下,加纱网可以降低自噪声约5dB或在保持自噪声水平相同的条件下提高实验风速约10m/s.     

射流撞击折板的实验研究

从二维射流边界层流动撞击折板为简化模型，利用声压和脉动流速测量，实验研究了低速回流开口风洞试验段常会出现的射流边界与喷口，收集段相互作用引起射流整体振荡致声现象，除给出振荡频率，强度随撞击长度和射流流速的变化规律外，本文还给出折板几何参数（折转角，折转长度）和板面条件对振荡致声现象的影响，结果表明，折转角在30－60度，折转长度与射流不稳定波波长相当的实壁折板，或内侧面胶贴海绵的平板，能明显削弱振荡，同时考虑几何参数和板面条件时，折转角起主导作用。     

演化策略用于高维故障样本集最优统计聚类分析

针对液体火箭发动机推进系统超高维故障样本数据的聚类问题 ,提出基于演化策略的最优统计聚类算法。为预防算法过早收敛 ,演化策略采用了父本适应值的动态调整值与共享函数 ,并针对超高维数据聚类提出了控制参数的适应性调整技术 ;为使算法能最终跳出局部最优死区 ,提出算法的局部调整策略。该算法用于液体火箭发动机典型故障仿真数据集分析 ,并取得了最优聚类结果。此外 ,还基于IRIS数据集比较了该算法与FKCN模糊自主聚类算法。仿真分析表明了算法在高维数据聚类分析中的优点。