通道前缘小叶片对轴流压气机叶栅气动性能的影响研究

为了更好地控制压气机静叶角区分离,结合翼刀和涡流发生器的流动控制思想,提出一种在叶栅通道前缘端壁设置小叶片的新型流动控制手段。以某高负荷轴流压气机叶栅为研究对象,基于数值方法深入分析了不同周向位置和安装角的小叶片对流场的影响。结果表明：小叶片存在提升叶栅气动性能的最佳周向位置和安装角范围。在近失速工况附近,小叶片可减缓角区分离,提高全叶高的扩压能力,但会不可避免地增加中间叶高位置处的流动分离和气动载荷;小叶片可减少角区分离损失和尾迹损失,提高各流向位置处的静压系数。小叶片能阻碍马蹄涡压力面分支发展,减缓叶栅前缘附近的横向二次流动。从小叶片叶顶泄漏的诱导涡可将马蹄涡压力面分支推向流向,带走端壁和角区附近的低能流体,从而削弱通道涡强度。     

Application of shear-sensitive liquid crystal coating to visualization of transition and reattachment in compressor cascade

The present paper aims at introducing Shear-Sensitive Liquid Crystal Coating (SSLCC) technology into compressor cascade measurement for the first time and serves as a basis for better understanding of the influence from the boundary layers. Optical path layout, which is the most significant difficulty in internal flow field measurement, will be solved in this paper by self-designed image acquisition device. Massive experiments with different Mach number and incidence are conducted at a continuous subsonic cascade wind tunnel to capture the boundary layer phenomenon. Image processing methods, such as Three-Dimensional (3-D) reconstruction and Hue conversion, are used to improve the accuracy for transition position detection. The analysis of the color-images indicates that complex flow phenomena including transition, flow separation, and reattachment are captured successfully, and the effect of Mach number and incidence on the boundary layer flow is also discussed. The results show that: the Mach number has a significant effect on transition position; the incidence has little effect on transition position, but it has a great impact on the transition distance and leading-edge separation; influenced by the end-walls, the reattachment occurs in advance under positive angle of attack conditions.     

槽道进气角和转折角对叶栅流场特性影响的研究

数值模拟了槽道进气角和转折角对开槽叶栅流场特性的影响.结果表明,槽道出口射流可以吹除叶片吸力面尾缘附面层分离气流,改善叶栅性能;存在使叶栅性能提高最大的最佳槽道进气角,随槽道进气角增大,槽内气流将因槽道几何转折角增大而增加流动损失,从而减小气流出口速度,降低其作用效果;当槽道进气角较小时,由于槽道进出口两端静压差减小,槽道对气流的加速作用下降,射流的作用效果也将降低.      

可调叶片的发展趋势及其气动问题的探讨

根据航空军用发动机/压气机的发展趋势预测,可调叶片技术将在高负荷、高流动马赫数、宽调节范围、低流动损失4项指标上进一步提高.气动特性计算分析结果表明,采用可弯叶片技术方案可在较高的进气马赫数下获得较大的气流折转角和较宽的气流角调节范围.这一性能水平同下一代发动机/压气机的技术性能指标要求相比仍存在一定差距.      

基于全局气动优化方法的跨声速叶栅气动优化

提出了适用于叶栅三维气动设计优化的全局自动气动优化方法.对NASA Rotor 37转子叶栅进行了气动优化设计.利用该叶栅的试验数据校核了计算流体(CFD)程序的可靠性.以等熵效率最高为目标函数,在满足流量约束和总压比约束的条件下,完成了跨声速叶栅的气动优化设计.优化叶栅的等熵效率提高了1.66%,具有优秀的气动性能和变工况性能.优化结果表明,通过优化三维跨声速叶栅的型线和径向基迭方式,可以有效的减小跨声速叶栅的激波损失.      

Dual stability enhancement mechanisms of axial-slot casing treatment in a high-speed mixed-flow compressor with various tip clearances

The influence of Axial-Slot Casing Treatment (ASCT) on the performance and stability enhancement mechanisms of ASCT were experimentally and numerically investigated in a high-speed mixed-flow compressor under three different tip clearances. Unsteady simulations showed the compressor stalled through end-wall stall route, i.e. the spike stall inception originating from rotor tip region, which was validated by dynamical measurements. When the ASCT was applied, greater than 20% of Stall Margin Improvement (SMI) could be achieved for the compressor under each tip clearance size. The streamwise velocity contours and flow structures in the tip region and axial slots were deeply analyzed to explore how the so called “suction and injection effects” generated by the ASCT manipulate tip clearance flow and enhance the stability of compressor under different tip clearances. It was found that the dominant stability enhancement mechanisms of ASCT varies with tip clearance size for the mixed-flow compressor. (A) For the small tip clearance, the dominant mechanism of stability enhancement is the blockage reduction generated in the blade passage by the suction effect of ASCT. (B) For the large tip clearance, the injection effect of the ASCT is the dominant mechanism of stability enhancement with ASCT, which plays the leading role in delaying the spillage of incoming/tip leakage flow interface at the rotor Leading Edge (LE) plane.     

不同类型搭接网格对周向槽处理机匣模拟结果影响研究

为深入研究不同类型搭接网格对周向槽处理机匣数值模拟结果的影响,以单级跨声速压气机及其转子叶顶的周向槽处理机匣为研究对象,划分了多种计算网格并采用不同类型搭接网格关联周向槽与压气机主流道.三维定常数值模拟和分析表明,传统完全非匹配搭接网格在计算上会导致流场数据通过搭接网格传递时明显失真,使转子尖部复杂流动呈现显著间断特征...     

基于扇形叶栅的畸变流场对压气机静叶气动性能影响研究

随着飞机适航要求的提高，进口畸变对燃气轮机的影响也逐渐被重视起来。而飞行过程中燃气轮机所遇到的进口畸变经过动叶的传递后，往往会严重影响静叶进口气流角分布的均匀性，并恶化静叶的通流能力。为研究气流角畸变对静叶流场的影响，针对带有可调导叶的扇形叶栅，通过单独调整一片导叶角度而其它导叶角度不变的方式制造静叶进口畸变流场，并开展实验与仿真研究，分析该方法制造的畸变流场结构及其对静叶气动特性的影响。研究表明，采用的8号导叶旋转6°而其它导叶角度不变的方法可以改变静叶进口气流角、轴向速度、静压等参数的周向均匀度，实现静叶进口畸变流场。与均匀进口相比，气流角畸变度为3.22，气流角畸变度增加了1.14，并增加了静叶S8吸力面根部下通道涡的损失与影响范围，而对叶顶与中径处的影响相对较小。此外，受畸变流场影响的静叶流道总压恢复系数较均匀条件下略有下降。     

Investigation of flow unsteadiness in a highly-loaded compressor cascade using a dynamic mode decomposition method

Unsteady flow in the hub endwall region has long been a hot topic in the turbomachinery community. However important it is to the performance of the whole engine, the coherent unsteady flow phenomena are still not well understood. In this paper, the complex flow field in the hub endwall of a cantilevered compressor cascade has been investigated through numerical approach. The predicted results were validated by experimental data. To highlight the dominant flow structures among irregular and chao...     

旋转爆轰波与涡轮平面叶栅相互作用数值模拟

由于旋转爆轰燃烧室具有自增压特性，可提高热力循环效率，因此将旋转爆轰燃烧室应用于燃气轮机可进一步提高系统的性能。基于非稳态雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方法，采用剪切应力输运k-ω湍流模型，建立旋转爆轰燃烧室与涡轮平面叶栅耦合计算模型，研究旋转爆轰燃烧室内的复杂波系与涡轮叶片的相互作用，分析涡轮叶栅对高频爆轰压力振荡的抑制作用。结果表明：旋转爆轰燃烧室内的燃气在涡轮叶栅内加速，并且在斜激波后的局部区域马赫数的增加更为明显。斜激波与涡轮静转子叶片的前缘、压力面、吸力面以及尾缘相互作用，由于旋转爆轰波不同的传播方向，使得斜激波与静子叶片呈相互垂直或平行，进而形成两种不同的波系结构。涡轮叶栅对高频压力振荡存在明显的抑制作用，涡轮叶栅上下游高频压力振荡幅值的衰减率达到80%以上。研究结果展示了旋转爆轰波作用下涡轮叶栅内复杂波系结构特征，并对基于爆轰燃烧推进技术的应用提供了一定的理论基础。