三维烧蚀内部热响应数值计算研究

对热解型碳化复合材料三维烧蚀内部热响应数值计算关键技术进行了研究。采用碳化层—热解面—原始材料层模型,将热解气体与碳化层之间的对流换热处理为源项,通过有限元法建立移动边界条件下温度场求解方程组,采用Gauss Seidel迭代法计算热解气体质量流量和温度场。同时,研究和分析了三维烧蚀移动边界处理方法以及动网格生成方法。由于每个时间步都需要网格重划,烧蚀热防护数值计算对存储效率和计算效率要求较高,本文研究了内部热响应计算中影响存储效率和计算效率的主要因素,并提出了相应的压缩存储方案和求解方案。计算结果表明,移动边界处理方法准确合理;存储方案的存储效率较高;保持刚度矩阵和形函数矩阵正定对称性可以加快温度场计算的收敛速度。     

Validation of a Compression Mass Gauge using ground tests for liquid propellant mass measurements

To properly estimate orbital lifetimes and predict the maneuverability of spacecraft, the remaining liquid propellant mass must be accurately known at every moment of a space mission. This paper studies the Compression Mass Gauge (CMG) method to determine the mass of liquid contained in a tank in a low-gravity environment with high accuracy. CMG is a thermodynamic method used to determine the quantity of liquid by measuring the gas pressure change when the tank volume changes, and has been previously theoretically and experimentally studied by researchers. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the effects of attitude disturbance and the spacecraft thermal environment on the accuracy of the method. A ground test system, consisting of several test apparatuses, was fabricated and described as part of this study. The test results and analyses indicate that the CMG performs well and has an accuracy of ±1%. Additionally, demonstrations were performed to show that measurement errors do not increase drastically or exceed ±1% when the test system is vibrated to simulate the tank being perturbed as a result of an attitude disturbance. Liquid sloshing resonance was found to have a significant effect on the gauging accuracy. Measurements in a real thermal environment in which heat transfers into and out of the propellant tank were also conducted. The results show that the gauging accuracy is acceptable for normal liquid propellant. Furthermore, theoretical research shows that heat leakage has a significant influence on cryogenic propellant mass gauging.     

表面活性剂类型和用量对闭孔三聚氰胺泡沫的影响

研究吐温80和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)两种类型表面活性剂及SDBS用量对闭孔三聚氰胺泡沫的影响。用三聚氰胺、甲醛合成三聚氰胺树脂,并制备泡沫样品进行测试。树脂表面张力测试结果显示相同用量下,相比于吐温80,SDBS使树脂表面张力更小,且随着SDBS用量增加,树脂张力呈现先减小后不变的趋势。SEM、力学性能测试分析结果显示,表面活性剂用量为3%时,相比于吐温80,SDBS制得泡沫孔径小且均匀。随着SDBS用量增加,泡沫孔径减小,均匀度先提高后降低,泡壁膜撕裂严重。受泡沫结构影响,SDBS用量为3%时,泡沫的压缩性能最好。     

基于小波变换的混和压缩编码

根据数字图像编码的现状,在分析目前图像压缩的常用方法优缺点的基础上,采用小波变换,对不同视觉敏感的频段采用不同分辨率的量化同时,结合非均匀量化和Huffman编码,对图像进行混合编码压缩,获得了好的压缩效果。     

图象的GD表示法的子图象抽取方法

在图象数据库的存贮结构及图象的数据压缩等应用中,GD等这类线性四元树表示方法得到了大量的研究。在对图象的各种处理中,子图象的抽取是个很基本的操作,但用线性四元树方法存贮图象并在其上实现这一操作并不象数组表示那样简单、直观。文内给出了一个基于GD表示方法的子图象抽取方法。     

压剪联合载荷作用下复合材料壁板屈曲及后屈曲性能计算与优化方法研究

复合材料壁板被广泛用于航空航天结构,在外部复杂工况下壁板通常会受到面内压剪载荷的联合作用,其屈曲及后屈曲响应直接影响此类结构的极限承载能力。为此,基于改进的Koiter摄动理论,提出一种能够快速精确地开展复合材料壁板非线性屈曲分析的摄动有限元降阶方法,然后计算获得壁板的屈曲/后屈曲性能指标,即非线性屈曲载荷、后屈曲承载刚度以及承载刚度残余系数,最后将摄动降阶方法嵌套到复合材料铺层优化的分析流程中,获得压剪联合载荷下各种屈曲/后屈曲性能指标的最优铺层信息。数值算例验证了所提出方法的高效性和有效性。     

强化排热的空间热泵系统分析

针对航天器潜在的各种类型热泵系统进行定性分析研究。综合分析表明,Rankine热泵系统综合性能最佳,效率高(理论上仅次于Stirling热泵系统),传热系数大,比重量小,地面上有长期运行的经验,其缺点是含有运动部件;Stirling热泵理论热效率虽高,但其传热系数小,比重量大,运动部件多;喷射式热泵和吸附式热泵系统最显著的优点是无运动部件,可靠性高,易于集成封装,而且还可以回收利用高温废热,不消耗系统电能,缺点是性能系数低,比重量大,设备十分庞大;对于其他类型热泵系统,其问题更多。     

一种新型数据记录仪的设计

为了满足现代飞行器多样化的测量需求,设计了一种新型数据记录仪,该新型数据记录仪在具备采集64路模拟信号和5路数字信号功能的同时,还能完成5 h视频图像的数字化编码、压缩和记录。本文对数据记录仪的主要技术指标进行了计算和论证,介绍了数据记录仪的电源模块、程序控制模块、异步数字量模块、信号变换及采编模块、图像压缩模块、存储及USB 2.0回放模块6个基本组成模块,对各组成模块的硬件设计和工作原理进行了详细分析。     

Parameters for evaluating the efficiency of inlet compression

The efficiency parameters are studied in this paper for evaluating the compression quality of the inlets with different compression degrees and assessing different design methods. Self-consistency is proposed for the efficiency parameters, based on two mathematically derived efficiency parameters, entropy rise coefficient and compression quality efficiency. Two efficiency parameters are then examined for equal intensity shocks system to show their capabilities in characterizing the quality of compression system with different compression degrees, and representing the average compression efficiency of the entire inlet. And the process efficiency and compression quality efficiency are compared in the Mollier diagram to afford a clear understanding of their difference in evaluating the overall and the local compression efficiency.     

钛蜂窝体制备及压缩性能研究

采用融熔沉积快速成形法制备钛金属蜂窝结构材料,对粉浆制备、钛金属蜂窝结构蜡坯固化、脱蜡等工艺以及所制备的钛蜂窝体的压缩性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用融熔沉积快速成形可以制备钛金属蜂窝结构,工艺简单、尺寸可控,钛蜂窝结构的相对密度在9%～12.6%范围内,屈服强度和弹性模量的增加不大;相对密度超过12.6%后,屈服强度显著增加,但弹性模量增加的幅度不大.通过改变蜂窝体正六边形的边长或改变蜂窝体的壁厚均达到相同的相对密度条件下,蜂窝体的压缩强度差别不大,但对蜂窝体的弹性模量却有显著影响.