High-order implicit discontinuous Galerkin schemes for unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations

Efficient solution techniques for high-order temporal and spatial discontinuous Galerkin(DG) discretizations of the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are developed. A fourth-order implicit Runge–Kutta(IRK) scheme is applied for the time integration and a multigrid preconditioned GMRES solver is extended to solve the nonlinear system arising from each IRK stage. Several modifications to the implicit solver have been considered to achieve the efficiency enhancement and meantime to reduce the memory requirement. A variety of time-accurate viscous flow simulations are performed to assess the resulting high-order implicit DG methods. The designed order of accuracy for temporal discretization scheme is validate and the present implicit solver shows the superior performance by allowing quite large time step to be used in solving time-implicit systems. Numerical results are in good agreement with the published data and demonstrate the potential advantages of the high-order scheme in gaining both the high accuracy and the high efficiency.     

Subsonic impulsively starting flow at a high angle of attack with shock wave and vortex interaction

Impulsively starting flow, by a sudden attainment of a large angle of attack, has been well studied for incompressible and supersonic flows, but less studied for subsonic flow. Recently, a preliminary numerical study for subsonic starting flow at a high angle of attack displays an advance of stall around a Mach number of 0.5, when compared to other Mach numbers. To see what happens in this special case, we conduct here in this paper a further study for this case, to display and analyze the full flow structures. We find that for a Mach number around 0.5, a local supersonic flow region repeatedly splits and merges, and a pair of left-going and right-going unsteady shock waves are embedded inside the leading edge vortex once it is sufficiently grown up and detached from the leading edge. The flow evolution during the formation of shock waves is displayed in detail. The reason for the formation of these shock waves is explained here using the Laval nozzle flow theory. The existence of this shock pair inside the vortex, for a Mach number only close to 0.5, may help the growing of the trailing edge vortex responsible for the advance of stall observed previously.     

非均匀来流下三维激波反问题的微元密切轴对称解法

传统的密切轴对称理论被广泛应用于均匀来流下的三维密切曲面激波反设计，为解决非均匀来流条件下的三维曲面激波反问题，提出了一种微元密切轴对称流场（MOA）求解方法。该方法沿激波面的周向和流向构建一系列微元密切面，在每个微元面内进行三维向二维流动的等效转换，从而突破了传统密切方法中不能有横向波后流动的限制。利用该方法编写设计程序，分别基于带攻角来流条件和外锥型流来流条件重构了标准内锥曲面激波，并与数值仿真结果进行了比较。结果表明，非均匀来流下激波曲面的三维形状均与预设形状完全一致，实现了非均匀来流下曲面激波形状可控。MOA方法在吸气式高超声速推进领域中前体/进气道一体化设计方面有重要应用前景。     

Reynolds number effect on compressible cylindrical cavity flow

Presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions inside and near the cavity. For cylindrical cavity flow, the diameter-to-depth ratio is the dominant factor. In this study, flow is naturally developed along a flat plate with two different lengths, resulting in different incoming boundary layer thicknesses ahead of the cavity. The effect of Reynolds number based on incoming boundary layer thickness on characteristics of mean and fluctuating pressure distributions is addressed. Pressure sensitive paint was also used to visualize the mean surface pressure patterns. The effect of Reynolds number on the classification of compressible cylindrical cavity flow and self-sustained oscillating frequency is not significant. An increase in Reynolds number results in a reduction in the value of differential pressure or momentum flux near the rear edge.     

飞机机翼表面霜冰的三维数值模拟

基于欧拉两相流理论对三维情况下飞机机翼表面的霜冰进行了数值模拟.根据水滴拟流体模型建立三维水滴控制方程;提出一套水滴控制方程的数值求解方法;由三维水滴流场的求解结果计算机翼表面的水滴收集特性,提出一种三维积冰外形的生成方法,完成了对飞机机翼表面霜冰的三维数值模拟.对ONERA M6机翼在不同迎角下霜冰的积冰情况进行了数值预测,并分析了结冰条件对积冰的影响.      

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

时间矢量推进方法及其在叶轮机非定常流分析中的应用

为提高周期性非定常流动的求解效率,将非定常计算的初值问题转换为边值问题,提出了时间矢量推进方法,并将该方法应用于叶轮机多排的非定常流动分析中。通过对两排对转风扇进行非定常仿真,并对比双时间步计算方法的计算结果,讨论了新方法的计算效率,研究了该方法对排间干扰捕捉的准确性和可靠性。得到了以下结论:在物理时间步长相等的情况下,新方法与双时间步方法的计算结果基本一致,且计算时间约为双时间步方法的1/8;时间矢量推进方法能够很好捕捉排间的势扰动、熵扰动和涡扰动以及主流和扰动之间的非线性作用;时刻样本数较少会使时间矢量推进方法捕捉到的非定常变化幅值变小,且无法解析时间尺度较小的非定常流动现象。     

超高速高焓流动研究进展

本文介绍了中国科学院高温气体动力学重点实验室在超高速高焓流动模拟技术和试验方法方面取得的研究进展.文章主要包括三部分研究内容:第一部分是关于发展先进的超高速试验模拟技术,包括爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞和爆轰驱动高焓膨胀管.高焓激波风洞产生的超高速气流速度的范围是3.5km/s～6.0km/s,高焓膨胀管能够模拟速度为6.5km/s～10km/s的超高速气流.第二部分介绍高焓激波风洞喷管流场诊断结果,用来检验喷管产生的超高速流场的流场品质及其与飞行条件的差异.第三部分是关于超高速流动的试验方法和数值技术研究,包括高焓流动中真实气体效应对飞行器俯仰力矩变化的影响;热化学反应流动中表面催化效应诱导的气动热变化规律;喷管流场的气流非平衡效应对试验结果可能产生的影响.     

倾斜单孔射流轨迹与速度分布的研究

本文采用实验和数值模拟的方法,在吹风比分别为0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0的情况下,研究了圆柱单孔二次射流的贴壁性及速度分布。通过对比不同截面位置的流动轨迹和速度分布,发现圆柱孔射流流场的速度分布与圆柱扰流流场的类似。射流出口的最大速度并不位于射流孔中心位置,u值也不是在射流孔中心位置最高。     

微重力下容器圆形倒角处的毛细驱动流

空间探索计划的需求对空间流体管理技术提出了新的挑战.流体管理设备的内角是主要的流体传输"管道",因此研究微重力下容器内角处的毛细驱动流具有重要的意义.由于设计和制造等原因,完美的尖角并不常见,而是带有一定圆角过渡的内角.笔者设计不同的带有圆形过渡内角的容器,选用10cSt硅油为实验流体介质,通过一系列的落塔实验,研究了容器内角处不同的圆角半径对毛细驱动流的影响,并分析得到了有价值的实验规律.