TDICCD相机大视场多通道遥感图像自动拼接方法

在TDICCD大视场多通道遥感图像的拼接中, 由于存在成像平台谐振及颤振等因素的影响, 以往的经典方法抗噪性和鲁棒性不高, 很难达到图像高精度和快速拼接的要求. 为此, 提出了一种空域互相关自校正亚像素配准方法. 该方法针对TDICCD多通道图像间重叠像素的特点, 采用变搜索窗口的互相关系数作为评价函数; 采用局部检测法监视图像参数的变化, 找出图像每一部分最佳参数; 采用干扰点排除法控制图像中误匹配的点, 使参数更加可信; 在最佳点配准的基础上, 采用所提出的亚像素定位法对配准进行补偿.实际遥感图像拼接结果证明, 该算法精度优于0.1 pixel, 同时比其他方法速度快, 稳定性、抗噪性和鲁棒性都很高, 拼接图像获得了良好的效果.      

地下核试验监测中的卫星遥感技术及应用

卫星遥感技术在发现、监测、识别、定位和分析地下核试验中具有不可替代的独特作用, 且使得事先阻止核爆炸试验成为可能. 地下核试验的卫星核查与遥感监测是一个高度复杂的综合决策过程. 本文结合几个具体实例, 介绍了其中一些有效的遥感分析识别技术, 如图像序列分析、图像融合、变化检测、K-L变换、D-InSAR、数字三维地形、GIS数据库等. 卫星遥感的局限性在于, 其难以从物理上确认地下核爆炸事件且不可避免地存在虚警和漏警.      

Towards validation of SCIAMACHY lunar occultation NO2 vertical profiles

Vertical profiles of stratospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) have been retrieved from moderate resolution lunar occultation transmission spectra measured by Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on board the European Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). These measurements were taken over the high southern latitude of 50°–90° during the period of 2003–2005. To assess the accuracy of the retrieved NO₂ profiles, the SCIAMACHY nighttime NO₂ profiles were compared with NO₂ profiles retrieved from sunrise solar occultation spectra measured by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments II (SAGE II) using a photochemical correction model. The validation results show good agreement of SCIAMACHY lunar occultation NO₂ with scaled HALOE and SAGE II profiles. The relative mean differences (rmd) with scaled HALOE profiles are within −13% to +5% and standard deviations (rms) of the relative differences are within 3–19% between 25 and 38 km. The rmd and rms with scaled SAGE II NO₂ profiles are in the range of −9 to +7 and 10–17% respectively between 22 and 39 km.     

Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.     

Progress for Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing in China

In this paper,technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is intro-duced.New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for meteorological satellite FY-3,ocean dynamic measurement satellite(HY-2),environment small SAR satellite(HJ-1C) and China's lunar exploration satellite(Chang'E-1),geostationary orbit meteorological satellite FY-4M,are reported.      

An introduction of mountain-based GPS radio occultation experiments in China

The mountain-based GPS radio occultation is a novel approach to lower atmospheric profiling. The experiments of the mountain-based GPS radio occultation were conducted on the top of Mt. Yaogu (29.38°N, 113.68°E, ∼1240 m) on December 17, 2003, and on the top of Mt. Jiugong (29.39°N, 114.65°E, ∼1550 m) on July 24, 2004. Based on these observation data, the scientific data processing software has been developed and is used to retrieve successfully the atmospheric refractivity profiles. The validation experiment was performed on the top of Mt. Wuling (40.60°N, 117.48°E, ∼2118 m) during August 1–29, 2005. Collocated automatic weather station and the radiosondes nearby were operated simultaneously for the comparison campaign. Results show that the radio occultation technique obtained about 40 profiles every day with the receiver antenna pointing to the south. Comparisons show that the refractivity measured by occultation agree well with those by the radiosondes, but not well with those by the automatic weather station due to their much different geographic locations of measurements. Results of these experiments suggest that the mountain-based GPS radio occultation is an economic reliable novel technique monitoring temporal and spatial variations of local lower atmospheric environments.     

改进独立成分分析在高光谱图像分类中的应用

针对独立成分分析在使用常规数值求解时容易陷入局部最优解的问题,以及采用神经学习算法时神经元激活函数的限制问题,将遗传算法与独立成分分析相结合,并对模型进行改进,提出了适合于高光谱数据无监督分类的模型.该算法采用最大化非高斯性进行成分的统计独立性度量,利用四阶累积量-峰度作为遗传算法的适应度函数.在应用分析中,将该算法应用于推扫式高光谱成像仪(PHI,Push-broom Hyperspectral technique Imager)数据地物分类能够获得全局最优解,在没有先验信息情况下实现地物的精细分类;与传统高光谱无监督分类算法比较,表明该算法的适用性,并具有更高的分类精度和准确性.      

珠海市森林绿地遥感动态监测与驱动力分析

随着城市的发展,城市森林绿地对于提高人类生活环境的品质,发挥着越来越重要的作用。以珠海市为研究区域,应用1995年Landsat5的TM数据、2002年Landsat7的ETM数据、2009年CBERS-02B的CCD与HR数据为主体信息源,通过植被覆盖度指数与三种不同信息提取手段相结合的方法,对珠海市森林绿地的动态变化进行了遥感监测,然后对其变化结果进行了驱动力分析。结果表明：珠海市从1995年到2002年森林面积呈减少趋势,2002年到2009年森林面积又呈增加趋势,从1995年到2009年森林面积总体呈微减趋势。最后将自然驱动力与人为驱动力进行对比分析,人为驱动力是珠海市森林绿地的变化的主导因素。     

晨昏时段大气辐射对成像有效信噪比的影响

从成像有效信噪比的角度出发,利用MODTRAN辐射传输软件,分析计算了晨昏时段大气辐射的分布特点及其对成像的潜在影响。结果表明选择近红外成像谱段,可有效抑制大气背景辐射,实现晨昏时段一定观测倾角下的目标探测能力。     

资源卫星数据地面存储管理系统的设计与实现

MVC(Model-View-Controller)软件设计模式是目前广泛流行的软件设计模式之一。它将数据表示、流程控制和数据处理进行分离。通过采用MVC模式,可以简化软件开发,提高软件的伸缩性、扩展性和可维护性,达到提高软件质量的目的。结合面向对象的MVC软件设计模式和资源卫星数据的特点,文章提出并阐述了一种基于MVC模式的资源卫星产品数据地面存储管理系统的设计方法。该设计方法已应用于资源卫星地面系统的工程建设中。目前该业务系统运行稳定,证明了基于MVC模式的资源卫星数据地面存储管理系统设计合理、可行。