极远紫外成像光谱仪在空间科学中的应用与展望

极远紫外成像光谱仪是空间科学研究中重要的数据获取工具,通过对不同天体目标极远紫外辐射的观测,可以反演出天体中主要物质的含量和变化规律,从而为空间天气、宇宙起源等许多前沿科学提供研究资料。文章分析了极远紫外成像光谱仪在空间科学研究中的优势,介绍了国际发展概况．列举了日地空间环境观测、地外行星体观测和宇宙空间观测3个应用领...     

传输型线阵测绘相机几何精度标定方法

分析了传统框幅式测绘相机几何精度评价和测试方法的局限性：不适用于以长焦距、小视场角为主的传输型线阵测绘相机。从传输型测绘相机原理出发。分析了以视主点作为传输型测绘相机主点评价指标的合理性和可行性。指出了同传统方法相比在几何精度标定过程中需要注意的问题并提出标定方法。     

静电悬浮微加速度计高灵敏度电容检测通道设计

高灵敏度电容式位移检测是实现静电悬浮微加速度计闭环测控的关键技术之一.针对微加速度计径向悬浮检测的特点及指标要求,设计了高灵敏度、高精度电容式微位移检测通道.该通道主要由前置RC隔离网络与C/V转换、高共模抑制比差动放大器、二级运放、二阶压控电压源有源带通滤波、相敏解调(含模拟乘法器与四阶Butterworth低通滤波...     

Mineral mapping in the Kap Simpson complex,central East Greenland,using HyMap and ASTER remote sensing data

This research focuses on the application of HyMap airborne hyperspectral data and ASTER satellite multispectral data to mineral exploration and lithologic mapping in the Arctic regions of central East Greenland. The study area is the Kap Simpson complex in central East Greenland. The Kap Simpson complex is one of the largest exposed Palaeogene felsic complexes of East Greenland. It has been the target of several mineral exploration projects. The analysis of the HyMap data produced a detailed picture of the spatial distribution of the alteration minerals in the Kap Simpson complex, unavailable from field-based studies in the area. The analysis of the ASTER data produced mineral maps which due to the moderate spatial and spectral resolution of the ASTER imagery can be useful for reconnaissance level mineral exploration. Colour composites of the mean normalized ASTER thermal bands display lithological information and detected a large felsic igneous intrusion that has not been shown on the recently compiled geological maps of the area. The results of this research have considerable potential to evaluate the use of hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing for geological purposes in the Arctic regions of central East Greenland.     

基于马尔科夫链的单站SAR海面场景宽幅高分成像算法

针对单站合成孔径雷达(SAR)实现海面场景高分辨率宽测绘带(HRWS)成像问题,结合海面目标相对整个场景的稀疏特性,提出了一种基于马尔科夫链的单站SAR宽幅高分成像算法。算法将宽幅的海面场景分为不同子测绘带,首先发射少量脉冲对各子测绘带进行距离向成像,利用距离向成像结果获取场景内感兴趣目标的数量信息。然后计算雷达波束指向的马尔科夫状态转移概率,并按此概率控制雷达对不同测绘带进行扫描。获得不同测绘带的稀疏子孔径后进行压缩感知成像。提出的算法可以在相同合成孔径时间内实现多个测绘带的宽幅高分成像,最后的仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。     

CM-SAF surface radiation budget: First results with AVHRR data

In the phase of redefinition of the EUMETSAT ground segment seven so called Satellite Application Facilities (SAF) each of them serving dedicated user groups have been established in Europe. The SAF on climate monitoring (CM-SAF) will deliver a comprehensive set of climate variables, including from different cloud products, radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, surface radiation budget and tropospheric humidity. A consistent dataset of cloud and radiation products in a high spatial resolution on a uniform grid is derived. The CM-SAF is a joint project of the German Meteorological Service, EUMETSAT and five other European Meteorological Services. It is dedicated to produce climate datasets using data from instruments onboard of METEOSAT Second Generation and polar orbiting satellites NOAA and METOP. After the development phase, the CM-SAF has started its initial operational phase in the end of 2003. In this context, the algorithms have been implemented at the processing centres and the processing of satellite data from the polar orbiting satellites of NOAA has commenced. This paper gives an overview of the first products of surface radiative fluxes and their validation with selected surface sites.     

基于超像素与多尺度残差U-Net相结合的遥感图像飞机检测方法

遥感图像中存在飞机很小、角度和位置不确定且背景复杂等问题,从遥感图像中检测飞机是一项重要且具有挑战性的任务,因此,提出一种基于超像素与多尺度残差U-Net(Multi-scale Residual U-Net,MSRU-Net)相结合的遥感图像飞机检测方法。首先对遥感图像进行超像素预分割,将位置相邻且像素特征相似的像素点组成若干个超像素,保持图像进一步分割的有效特征;然后构建多尺度残差U-Net,学习其多尺度判别特征。与传统的飞机检测方法相比,该方法用少量的超像素代替大量像素表达图像特征,降低了图像分割的复杂度,再利用MSRU-Net分割遥感超像素图像,有效检测不同尺度的飞机图像。在公共飞机遥感图像数据集上实验,结果表明,该方法能够有效的检测遥感图像不同尺度的飞机图像,检测精确率达到91.2 %。     

C/ SiC 材料在国外空间光学系统上的应用

C/SiC复合材料具有高的比强度、低的热变形敏感度以及在高低温环境下的适应性,这使其成为目前最具前途的空间光学系统应用材料.本文总结了国外一些国家C/SiC的制备方法及其在空间技术上的具体应用.     

Modelling of air temperature using remote sensing and artificial neural network in Turkey

The aim of this research was to forecast monthly mean air temperature based on remote sensing and artificial neural network (ANN) data by using twenty cities over Turkey. ANN contained an input layer, hidden layer and an output layer. While city, month, altitude, latitude, longitude, monthly mean land surface temperatures were chosen as inputs, and monthly mean air temperature was chosen as output for network. Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) learning algorithms and tansig, logsig and linear transfer functions were used in the network. The data of Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) and Technological Research Council of Turkey–Bilten for the period from 1995 to 2004 were chosen as training when the data of 2005 year were being used as test. Result of research was evaluated according to statistical rules. The best linear correlation coefficient (R), and root mean squared error (RMSE) between the estimated and measured values for monthly mean air temperature with ANN and remote sensing method were found to be 0.991–1.254 K, respectively.     

Automatic extraction of lineaments based on wavelet edge detection and aided tracking by hillshade

Lineaments refer to the linear or curvilinear textures on remote sensing image, whose general spatial distribution characteristics are often the response of deep geological sturcture at the surface. Firstly, we use wavelet modulus maximum transformation to detect the edges with 4 scales on Landsat – 8 OLI B5 image and analyze their multi-scale characteristics. As the result, it is determined that the optimal scale of edge detection is 4, and the outline that consist of the edge pixels is roughly corresponding to the geological structure of mine area. Thus the incomplete lineaments have been extracted by using the 2D otsu algorithm. Secondly, the hillshade map generated based on DEM is processed to generate binarized linear shadow. Finally, the linear shadow is superimposed on the lineaments preliminarily extracted to obtain the optimized lineaments. Experiment results show that, based on the method, there are some deformation and displacement between the lineaments extracted and the actual geological structure, and it fail to effectively extract Qilinchang Fault, but lineaments are in good correspondence with Kuangshanchang Fault, Dongtou Fault and Niulan River Fault, which are basically in accord with the geological structure framework of the mine area.