卫星混编数据地面接收快视系统的设计与实现

提出了一种针对多遥感器、多数传通道的陆地观测卫星地面接收快视系统设计的新思路,即当星上有效载荷压缩数据与未压缩数据混编下传时,在地面接收站只需从混编基带数据中提取未压缩数据,进行帧同步与去格式处理后实时快视,即可达到既能实时监测数据接收质量,又简化地面接收系统设计的目的。     

遥感图像运动模糊恢复方法及评价标准研究

遥感成像系统与目标在曝光时间内的相对运动将导致成像的运动模糊。文章结合匀速直线运动造成的图像模糊特点,讨论图像模糊的产生机理并建立相关退化模型;利用点扩散函数（PSF）在频率域和空间域上分别对匀速直线运动产生的模糊图像进行恢复;验证各算法对高斯噪声的抗干扰性;提出使用HVS对比度的方法作为客观评价标准验证恢复算法的可行性,并与传统的灰度平均梯度（GMG）相对比表明该评价标准的合理性。     

一种空间推扫型光学成像系统几何映射方法

卫星光学遥感器在轨成像会受到颤振的影响,因此图像品质受姿态稳定度的影响很大,而高分辨率图像受到平台误差的影响更加明显。通过研究空间相机的几何模型,提出了一种从地球坐标系到空间光学遥感器坐标系之间的转换关系;分析了在轨卫星的姿态误差和运动源,并在几何模型中加入了内外方位元素特征;然后进行了空间TDICCD相机的成像仿真实验。为了在像面上模拟颤振,分别进行不同模态的颤振仿真,并且对视线范围内多模态综合作用进行仿真。仿真实验是基于三个轴系方向的,并且计算了TDICCD仿真图像的几何畸变量,模型中几何畸变量的测量尺度达到亚像素级,结果有利于指导卫星平台和遥感器的参数设计。     

航天光学遥感在自然灾害管理中应用能力评述

以建（构）筑物、生命线、农作物、基础设施等受损情况为切入点,介绍了航天光学遥感在灾害特征参数反演、灾害风险评估、灾害监测、灾害损失评估、恢复重建等领域的应用现状和应用能力,指出航天光学遥感与灾害管理之间存在灾区遥感数据实时获取能力不足和相应遥感灾害信息智能提取算法体系不完善等问题,并从航天器设计角度提出了解决对策,如平衡发展多种空间分辨率和多种光谱分辨率光学遥感器,协同发展机动和常规两种成像模式,积极发展星上智能信息提取技术。     

一种具有高保真度光谱的遥感图像快速融合法

针对全色和多光谱遥感图像的融合,本文提出了一种基于快速IHS融合技术的小波融合新方法。为提高融合结果图像的光谱保真度,采用了基于改进主成分分析的低频小波系数智能自适应算法融合策略,其主观视觉分析和客观评价结果显示,与传统加权平均、以及平均与选择相结合的低频融合规则相比,本算法在保证能够大幅度提高融合图像清晰度的同时,较大程度地降低了它的光谱畸变度;另外,由于将快速IHS融合技术引入了基于小波分解的融合方法中,大大降低了程序的运行时间,因此本算法在实时性方面也得到了显著提高。将其应用到更大尺寸的巨幅遥感图像的融合中,它的实时性效果更显著。     

遥感图像去雾算法研究

针对现有的去雾算法对彩色图像处理后会出现色彩畸变的问题,提出了基于Retinex算法和色度比的去雾算法,该算法在用Retinex算法进行图像恢复的过程中引入了原图像的色彩信息,改善了处理后的图像的色彩。     

Improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered surfaces

Because space-borne radiometers do not measure the Earth’s outgoing fluxes directly, angular distribution models (ADMs) are required to relate actual radiance measurement to flux at given solar angle, satellite-viewing geometries, surface, and atmospheric conditions. The conversion of one footprint broad-band radiance into the corresponding flux requires therefore one to first characterize each footprint in terms of surface type and cloud cover properties to properly select the adequate ADM.

A snow (and sea-ice) retrieval technique based on spectral measurements from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat 8 is presented. It has been developed to improve the scene identification and thus the ADM selection in the near-real time processing of the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) data at the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium. The improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered scene types resulting from angular conversion using dedicated snow ADMs (e.g., empirical snow ADMs and/or pre-computed theoretical snow ADM) instead of empirical snow-free ADMs is discussed.     

遥感相机次镜组件等效模型的研究

试验模态分析在航空航天领域结构力学的研究中得到广泛的应用,而且起到相当重要的作用。文章探讨了较易破损或是比较昂贵结构的试验模态分析方法－等效模型法。该方法是基于理论和结构灵敏度分析,研究原型与等效模型材料不同时的等效模型研制方法。这一方法被应用于某遥感相机的次镜组件的模态试验分析,得到了较好的结果。     

Spatial and temporal monitoring of drought conditions using the satellite rainfall estimates and remote sensing optical and thermal measurements

Drought is an important natural disaster that causes devastating impacts on the ecosystem, livestock, environment, and society. So far, various remote-sensing methods have been developed to estimate drought conditions, each of which has advantages and restrictions. This study aims to monitor the real-time drought indices at the field scales via the integration of various earth observations. Our proposed method consists of two steps. In the first step, the relationships between long-term standardized precipitation indices (SPI) derived from PERSIANN-CDR rainfall data and two drought-dependent parameters derived from MODIS products, including normalized NDVI and soil-air temperature gradient, are obtained at the spatial resolution of PERSIANN-CDR grid (approximately 25 km). As the next step, the corresponding relationships are applied to estimate the drought index maps at the spatial resolution of MODIS products (1 km). Numerous analyses are carried out to evaluate the proposed method. The results revealed that, from various drought indices, including SPIs of different timescales (1, 3, 6, and 12-months), SPI-3 and SPI-6 are more appropriate to the proposed method in terms of correlation with temperature and vegetation parameters. The findings also demonstrate the competency of the proposed method in estimating SPI indices with average RMSE 0.67 and the average correlation coefficient of 0.74.     

Analysis of precipitable water vapour characteristics from GNSS measurements during the snow season in Liaoning Province,China

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) remote sensing precipitable water vapour (PWV) data from November 2015 to March 2019 were combined with snowfall observation data and used to analyse PWV characteristics in Liaoning Province during the snow season (from November to March the following year) and their relationship with snowfall. The potential of using GNSS for PWV measurements was demonstrated using sounding data with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 and a mean bias error lower than 0.5 mm. According to the GNSS PWV data gathered at 30-min intervals from 68 GNSS stations in Liaoning during the snow season, the monthly PWV average was highest in November and lowest in January. Negative correlations were found between PWV and altitude. Most of the water vapour was concentrated in the low layer of the atmosphere, and the contribution of this vapour to the PWV was higher during the snow season than in summer. A total of 43 snow cases were identified using the snowfall records from 53 GNSS stations, and the characteristics of PWV during these snowfalls were analysed. An increase in PWV was observed before snowfall events. Moreover, the influence of synoptic systems and air mass origins on PWV was analysed based on National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results show that the water vapour condition was better when the synoptic systems or air masses came from areas south of Liaoning.