Examining LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy to generate a detailed stand map in a mixed forest in the north-west of Turkey

Although stand delineation approach based on aerial photographs and field survey produces high accuracy maps, it is labour-intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, conventional forest stand maps may have some uncertainties that can hardly be verified due to the experiments and skills of photo-interpreters. Therefore, researchers have been seeking more objective and cost-effective methods for forest mapping. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data have a high potential to automatically delineate forest stands. Unlike optical sensors, LiDAR height data provides information about both the horizontal and vertical structural characteristics of forest stands. However, it deprives of spectral data that may be successfully used in separating tree species. In this study, we investigate the potential of LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy for the automatic generation of a detailed forest stand map which can be used for a tactical forest management plan. Firstly, image segmentation was applied to LiDAR data alone and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set in order to obtain the most suitable image objects representing forest stands. Visual inspection of the segmentation results showed that image objects based on the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set were more compatible with the reference forest stand boundaries. After the segmentation process, the LiDAR and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data sets were independently classified using object-based classification method. We tested two levels of classification. The first was a detailed classification with 14 classes considering reference stand types. The second was the rough classification with 9 classes where some stand types were combined. The mean, standard deviation and texture features of LiDAR metrics and spectral information were used in the classification. The accuracy assessment results of LiDAR data showed that the Overall Accuracy (OA) was calculated as 0.31 and 0.43, and the Kappa Index (KIA) was calculated as 0.26 and 0.32 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. For the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set, the OA values were calculated as 0.50 and 0.61, and the KIA were calculated as 0.46 and 0.55 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. These results showed that the forest stand map derived from the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data synergy is more compatible with the reference forest stand map. In conclusion, it can be said that the forest stand maps produced in this study may provide strategic forest planning needs, but it is not sufficient for tactical forest management plans.     

嵌入式大气数据测量系统技术研究进展

针对高超声速飞行器大气数据测量问题，对嵌入式大气数据测量系统(FADS)技术研究背景、发展历程、国内外研究现状等进行了概括。重点围绕FADS关键技术、FADS解算算法及面向FADS/INS组合测量系统信息融合算法方面，对FADS技术进行了深入的剖析。最后，展望了FADS技术未来的发展方向及应用前景。     

基于测绘业务的遥感图像质量标准开发研究

评价遥感图像的质量既可以采用客观的方法也可以采用主观的方法。重点研究了遥感图像质量主观评价方法。回顾了主观评价使用的量表法和任务满足度法的主要思想。由1∶500～1∶10 000比例尺制图的图示要求,概括出了若干个典型的满足一定规范要求的测绘业务,设计了一个心理物理试验,对这些测绘业务进行了研究,开发了一个面向1∶500～1∶10 000比例尺制图的主观图像质量评价标准。     

REMOTE SENSING IMAGE CODING METHOD COMBINING WAVELET TRANSFORM WITH CLASSIFIED VECTOR QUANTIZATION

A new remote sensing image coding scheme based on the wavelet transform and classified vector quantization (CVQ) is proposed. The original image is first decomposed into a hierarchy of 3 layers including 10 subimages by DWT. The lowest frequency subimage is compressed by scalar quantization and ADPCM. The high frequency subimages are compressed by CVQ to utilize the similarity among different resolutions while improving the edge quality and reducing computational complexity. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a better performance than JPEG, and a PSNR of reconstructed image is 31～33 dB with a rate of 0.2 bpp.     

基于MPI的卫星遥感数据实时处理平台设计

针对高速率卫星遥感数据实时处理的要求,设计了一种卫星遥感数据实时处理平台。该平台采用分层设计思想,自上而下分为表现与控制层、业务处理层、基础服务层和应用支持层。结合消息传递接口(MPI)技术,构建了分布式实时并行处理平台框架。原型系统验证结果表明,该平台能处理下传码速率达450Mbit/s的双通道数据,单通道处理速率高达6Gbit/s。文章提出的平台设计应用于遥感卫星的地面检测系统,具有处理速度快、运行稳定的优点。     

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis integrated with GIS and remote sensing for astronomical observatory site selection in Antalya province,Turkey

Astronomical observatory site selection is a complex problem that involves evaluation of multiple factors from different sources. The aim of this study is to select the best possible candidates for astronomical observations sites using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis integrated with Geographical Information Systems and remote sensing technologies. The study was implemented in the Antalya province of Turkey, which is convenient for astronomical site observatory facilities with its appropriate climate properties and weather conditions. Eleven factors (cloud cover, precipitable water, earthquake zones, geology, landslide inventory, active fault lines, Digital Elevation Model, city lights, mining activities, settlement areas, roads) were determined, splitting into three categories; meteorological, geographical and anthropogenic criteria. These factors were evaluated using Analytical Hierarchy Process method and the weights of criteria layers were determined. As a result, the most suitable areas were located extensively in western and eastern part of Antalya. This study offers a robust, accurate, cost and time effective procedure for preliminary site selection for astronomical observatory. However, for a final decision of the best location of astronomical observatory, site testing measurements and atmospheric seeing observations will be further required in these preliminary areas.     

Mercury’s Surface Composition and Character as Measured by Ground-Based Observations

Mercury’s surface is thought to be covered with highly space-weathered silicate material. The regolith is composed of material accumulated during the time of planetary formation, and subsequently from comets, meteorites, and the Sun. Ground-based observations indicate a heterogeneous surface composition with SiO₂ content ranging from 39 to 57 wt%. Visible and near-infrared spectra, multi-spectral imaging, and modeling indicate expanses of feldspathic, well-comminuted surface with some smooth regions that are likely to be magmatic in origin with many widely distributed crystalline impact ejecta rays and blocky deposits. Pyroxene spectral signatures have been recorded at four locations. Although highly space weathered, there is little evidence for the conversion of FeO to nanophase metallic iron particles (npFe⁰), or “iron blebs,” as at the Moon. Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy indicate clino- and ortho-pyroxene are present at different locations. There is some evidence for no- or low-iron alkali basalts and feldspathoids. All evidence, including microwave studies, point to a low iron and low titanium surface. There may be a link between the surface and the exosphere that may be diagnostic of the true crustal composition of Mercury. A structural global dichotomy exists with a huge basin on the side not imaged by Mariner 10. This paper briefly describes the implications for this dichotomy on the magnetic field and the 3 : 2 spin : orbit coupling. All other points made above are detailed here with an account of the observations, the analysis of the observations, and theoretical modeling, where appropriate, that supports the stated conclusions.     

地球观测科学的发展以及空间站对地观测

综述了地球观测科学的发展以及空间站对地观测。对载人空间站在对地观测中的优势、类型和应用进行了重点论述。介绍了我国空间站对地观测应用的重要意义。最后，论述了以空间站为核心的天基信息网和遥感技术的快速发展是空间对地观测的主要发展趋势。     

Sol-gel法制备CuSO4，Cu〈AC）2掺杂SnO2的气敏性能研究

以溶胶-凝胶法（Sol-gel）制备纳米SnO2及其不同比例的铜源掺杂物。采用热分析（TG-DTA），XRD等手段对其产物进行表征，利用静态配气法测试了掺杂产物的气敏性能。实验结果表明：采用Sol-gel法制备掺杂SnO2的气敏性能，同时受铜源和掺杂量的影响，且掺杂产物对乙醇不很敏感，但在150℃工作温度下对0．005％的H2S具有36367倍的高灵敏度。     

基于小波变换的遥感图像边缘检测方法研究

遥感图像处理对于航空、航天、军事侦察、灾害预报等许多军事和民用领域至关重要,本文针对遥感图像的特点,提出了一种基于小波变换的图像边缘检测方法,同时还对小波变换在图像处理中的适用性进行了详细分析。由实验结果表明,本文方法可以获得非常细致有效的边缘信息,在有效抑制噪声的同时,提高了边缘定位精度。