航空供氧装备生理研究回顾与展望

重点回顾了我国 70年代以来航空供氧装备防护生理学的研究与发展。将我国航空供氧装备生理研究归结为 :高空高总压供氧防护高空低总压供氧简化装备防护和机载分子筛制氧防护生理研究三大部分。提出未来发展几点看法。     

某型飞机进气道与发动机地面匹配实验研究

通过某型飞机进气道与某型涡喷发动机匹配的地面台架试验,用40点总压和20支周向安装的三孔针组成的测量环获得了进气道出口截面总压的分布和周向气流速度分布。计算了稳态压力周向与径向畸变,获得了它们随发动机进气流量的变化规律。发现了进气道出口的旋流与对涡,并对其形成的原因做了初步分析。测量了发动机主要性能参数如推力、排气温度等在安装飞机进气道后的变化,并分析了引起变化的原因。      

前体非对称涡Re效应初探及其风洞模拟技术

对不同长细比(11和6.15)的细长旋成体模型在低速风洞中完成了亚临界和 临界雷诺数(Re)的测压实验研究.结果表明,只要后体尾部截断至离二涡区足够远,就不会影响由前体二涡主控的多涡系结构,并且头部扰动与非对称涡响应之间的相关关系也保持不变,这为在常规低速风洞中通过增大旋成体直径、减小长细比来扩大Re实验范围提供了实验依据.基于此技术,临界Re下低速实验结果表明细长旋成体在层流和转捩分离区的截面压力分布有明显的区别,导致在临界Re内的侧向力较亚临界显著减小,而且头部扰动对背涡流动的主控作用明显减弱,单孔位微吹气扰动主动控制技术不再适用.      

Aeroacoustic and aerodynamic optimization of propeller blades

It is of great significance to develop a high-efficiency and low-noise propeller optimization method for new-generation propeller aircraft design. Coupled with free form deformation method, dynamic mesh interpolation technology, optimization algorithm, surrogate model, aerodynamic calculation and aeroacoustic prediction model module, the integrated aerodynamic and aeroacoustic design method of propeller is built. The optimization design for the six-blade propeller is carried out. The non-reduction in efficiency, thrust coefficient and the minimum of aerodynamic noise is treated as the optimization design objective. The spatial vorticity distribution of the propeller before and after the design is also analyzed by using unsteady computational fluid dynamics method. The results show that the optimized propeller can effectively reduce the aerodynamic noise level. The maximum total sound pressure level can be reduced by 5 dB without reducing its aerodynamic performance. The developed method has good application potential in low-noise optimization design of propeller and other rotating machinery.     

正弦波型高频动态压力光学校准系统及其应用

动态压力是气动部件表面的关键气动参数。光学压力敏感涂料（PSP）测量技术在测量气动部件表面动态压力方面具有全域测量、不影响流场自身的优势，而光学压力敏感涂料的动态响应特性则是进行动态压力测量的决定性因素。基于声学驻波管原理，自主设计并组建了正弦波型高频动态压力光学校准系统，主要包含有驻波管型校准舱、声源、激光源、高频压力传感器、光电倍增管以及测控系统。对动态压力光学校准系统及某新型快响压敏涂料的实验结果表明，所组建的动态压力校准系统可产生最短响应时间12.5 μs、最大压力幅值为4.37 kPa的正弦型动态压力，其有效动态频响范围为0.4~20.0 kHz（50 μs~2.5 ms），不确定度小于0.004 9%；校准系统合理的光路布局可进行快响压敏涂料动态特性的校准，所测涂料可用于动态频响不高于9.1 kHz（响应时间为109.9 μs）的非定常流场的压力测量。     

压力波对垂直管低温气液掺混冷凝的影响

为了分析高压补燃液氧煤油发动机氧泵间管内气液两相掺混冷凝及其压力波传播过程,建立了可产生压力扰动的垂直管低温气液两相掺混实验系统,以氧气/液氧为实验工质,开展压力波对垂直管内低温气液两相掺混冷凝的影响研究,获得了不同压力波频率和氧气流量工况下的掺混图像,分析结果表明:压力波会使发散流型由微弱振荡冷凝向间歇振荡冷凝转变,使椭圆流型由稳定冷凝向振荡冷凝转变;在0~52 Hz不同频率压力波作用下,发散流型最大轴向冷凝长度与掺混孔径之比在10~30之间,椭圆流型的比值在8~15之间变化;压力波对气相摆动频率起主导性和正相关性的影响。     

大气等离子加工系统设计及实验验证

建立了面向复杂光学表面的大气等离子抛光系统,并用该系统进行硅片表面加工的实验研究.研究了CF_4、SF_6两种气体的放电特性以及加工效果,得到了加工速率与功率,流量间的关系,并通过原子力显微镜观察了加工后的表面质量.     

集成式伺服作动器压力损失特性及其影响因素

针对集成式伺服作动器液压回路的特点和选择切换功能，分析了能源切换原理、选择活门的压力损失规律及其对作动器活塞运动速度的影响。电磁阀通过控制选择活门阀芯的位置以实现不同能源的切换。分析了选择活门压力损失的成因分布与特征。由分析可知，流道结构突变处的局部损失占比最大，沿程损失可忽略不计，选择活门压力损失与流入流量的平方呈比例关系。同时，拟合出了活塞伸出运动和收缩运动时的压力损失经验系数。建立了作动器左右腔流量、压力和活塞动力学模型，发现某型选择活门压力损失使作动器活塞伸出速度下降了4.9%，收缩速度下降了5.2%。由于活塞受力情况一致，选择活门的压力损失不影响负载力与活塞速度的关系，速度下降比例与负载力无关；阀芯开度直接影响着流经系统流量，系统流量影响着流体与流道的撞击强度和频率，进而影响了选择活门的压力损失程度，速度下降百分比随阀芯开度增大而增大。分析结果可为高可靠性、高精度航空作动器伺服控制系统的设计提供技术支持。     

Shape optimization of a three-dimensional membrane-structured solar sail using an angular momentum unloading strategy

A shape of the satellite’s solar sail membrane is essential for unloading angular momentum in the three-axis stabilized attitude control system because the three-dimensional solar sail can receive solar radiation pressure from arbitrary directions. In this paper, the objective is the shape optimization of a three-dimensional membrane-structured solar sail using the angular momentum unloading strategy. We modelled and simulated the solar radiation pressure torque, for unloading angular momentum. Using the simulation system, since the unloading angular momentum rate is maximized, the shape of the three-dimensional solar sail was optimized using a Genetic algorithm and Sequential Quadratic Programming. The unloading velocity in the optimized shaped solar sail was greatly improved with respect to a conventional flat or pyramid solar sail.     

Experimental study of partially-cured Z-pins reinforced foam core composites：K-Cor sandwich structures

This paper presents an experimental study of a novel K-Cor sandwich structure rein- forced with partially-cured Z-pins. The influence of pultrusion processing parameters on Z-pins characteristics was studied and the effect of Z-pins on mechanical properties was disclosed. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and optical microscopy （OM） methods were employed to determine the curing degree of as-prepared Z-pins and observe the implanted Z-pins in the K-Cor structure. These partially-cured Z-pins were treated with a stronger bonding link between face sheets and the foam core by means of a hot-press process, thereby decreasing burrs and cracking defects when the Z-pins were implanted into the Rohacell foam core. The results of the out-of-plane tensile tests and the climbing drum peel （CDP） tests showed that K-Cor structures exhibited superior mechanical performance as compared to X-Cor and blank foam core. The observed results of failure modes revealed that an effective bonding link between the foam core and face sheets that was provided from partially-cured Z-pins contributed to the enhanced mechan- ical performances of K-Cor sandwich structures.