Experimental investigations of the spray structure and interactions between sectors of a double-swirl low-emission combustor

In this paper, the spray characteristics of a double-swirl low-emission combustor are analyzed by using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technologies in an optical three-sector combustor test rig. Interactions between sectors and the influence of main stage swirl intensity on spray structure are explained. The results illustrate that the swirl intensity has great effect on the flow field and spray structure. The spray cone angle is bigger when the swirl number is 0.7, 0.9 than that when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel distribution zone is larger and the distribution is more uniform when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel concentration in the center area of the center plane of side sector (Plane 5) is larger than that of the center plane of middle sector (Plane 1). The spray cone angle in Plane 5 is larger than that in Plane 1. The width of spray cone becomes larger with the increase of Fuel–Air Ratio (FAR), whereas the spray cone angle under different fuel–air ratios are absolutely the same. The results of the mechanism of spray organization in this study can be used to support the design of new low-emission combustor.     

某航机燃烧室煤油改柴油燃烧特性研究

为了给某型航空发动机改为地面用柴油型燃气轮机的设计提供重要的技术支持,本文借助数值计算的方法,采用FLUENT稳态压力求解器、P1辐射模型和涡耗散破碎(EDU)燃烧模型对某航空发动机燃烧室在巡航工况和最大工况下煤油与柴油两种燃料的燃烧特性进行了计算及对比研究。得到了该燃烧室使用航空煤油(RP-3)和0号柴油的热态流场、空气流量分配、温度场、出口温度分布、污染物排放及头部燃油蒸发量。研究结果表明：当该燃烧室的燃料由航空煤油改为0号柴油后,燃烧室的热态温度场分布基本一致,流量分配最大差异在0.45%之内;燃烧效率降低约4.3%和NO、Soot排放量相当;出口温度分布和总压损失差异分别在1%和4.1%之内。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

燃烧室头部激励的等离子体强化燃烧特性实验研究

等离子体助燃是一种新型的强化燃烧技术,近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文开创性地研制了基于旋转滑动弧等离子体的强化燃烧头部,建立了某型航空发动机三头部燃烧室实验件的等离子体助燃实验平台,验证了该等离子体强化燃烧技术应用于型号发动机燃烧室的可行性。实验研究等离子体助燃在不同余气系数和不同输入电压条件下对平均出口温度、燃烧效率、温度分布系数以及熄火边界的影响。实验结果表明,与正常燃烧相比,施加等离子体助燃后的燃烧效率有明显的提高,在输入电压为U0=240V,余气系数为 α=0.8时,等离子体助燃的燃烧效率提高3.24%。实施等离子体助燃后,燃烧室出口温度分布场分布得到明显的改善,在富油工况α=0.8,出口温度分布系数减少39.8%。等离子体助燃输入电压越高熄火边界扩展程度越明显,相比于正常工况条件下,等离子体助燃U0=240V的熄火边界扩宽了7.34%。     

小型回流燃烧室多工况碳黑分布预测

为了研究小型回流燃烧室不同条件下的工作状态,并分析其产生积碳现象的原因,采用k-ε湍流模型、EDC湍流燃烧等模型对该燃烧室多个工况进行数值计算。结果表明,燃烧室性能参数计算值与台架数据较吻合,各个状态下参数相对误差均小于1.37%。根据各工况的温度分布的变化,发现燃烧室火焰随工况降低逐渐向火焰筒头部收缩。计算了各工况蒸发管内的燃油蒸发率,发现蒸发率在低工况时明显降低。根据出口温度分布情况,计算出口温度分布系数OTDF为0.35。分析碳黑粒子的分布,发现积碳现象主要在火焰筒头部,其原因主要是燃烧不充分和冷却气膜的缺失。     

燃气轮机燃烧室预混喷嘴排放性能的试验和数值研究

为了研究当量比、值班燃料量和压力对燃气轮机燃烧室预混喷嘴排放指标的影响,在环境压力下按照等速模化原理进行了燃烧室预混喷嘴的燃烧试验,基于化学反应网络法构建了污染物预测模型,开展了试验和数值对比研究。结果表明:在带值班燃料的情况下该预混喷嘴当量比φ在0.35～0.5时可满足国标排放要求,但是值班燃料量增大会使NO_x排放升高;在φ0.4时,压力对纯预混燃烧NO_x生成无影响,φ0.4时,NO_x会随压力升高而增多;带有值班燃料的预混燃烧时,NO_x对压力变化敏感,压力升高导致NO_x增多;该预混喷嘴混合性能对空气流速不敏感、燃料兼容性强,排放达标当量比范围宽,经进一步设计开发后有潜力应用于燃气轮机低排放燃烧室中。该化学反应器网络模型依赖经验较少,当值班燃料比例≤0.17时,对污染物预测与试验数据符合较好。     

孔阵排列和偏转角对多斜孔壁火焰筒冷却效果的影响研究

为了研究火焰筒上孔阵排列和偏转角对多斜孔壁冷却效果的影响规律,将多斜孔壁冷却结构应用到航空发动机的燃烧室火焰筒壁上,通过数值模拟研究了不同孔阵排列和不同偏转角的共6种多斜孔结构对火焰筒壁的冷却效果,包括有效温比和对流换热系数的比较。结果表明:在燃烧室上,孔阵排列对多斜孔壁冷却效果的影响与平板模型的规律一致,叉排孔阵排列优于顺排孔阵排列,孔排周向位移找到了冷却效果较好时的孔排周向位移值;在火焰筒前端,偏转角的选取应考虑到旋流器对流场的影响,而在火焰筒后端,偏转角为0°的冷却效果较好。      

驻涡燃烧室驻涡区涡系特点数值模拟

为深入了解驻涡燃烧室凹腔内流场的涡系分布特性,采用FLUENT对不同驻涡区前进口堵塞比和不同燃烧室入口速度的驻涡区流场进行计算,分析典型截面压力场和流线图,研究驻涡区涡系特点.结果表明:不同纵截面旋涡特点不同,主流被联焰板堵塞的凹腔纵截面只有主涡,为稳定点火和火焰稳定提供条件;不同横截面的旋涡差别较大,离驻涡区前壁越远的截面涡心距越大,贴近前壁和后壁的截面均无旋涡;燃烧室入口速度对轴向中间截面的旋涡结构无影响,而前进口堵塞比对旋涡结构影响较大.     

带不同凹腔结构涡轮问燃烧室数值模拟

为了提高航空燃气涡轮发动机的推进效率和满足低排放的要求,提出了1种基于涡轮内补燃增推循环的超紧凑燃烧室──涡轮间燃烧室。建立了3种带不同轴向凹腔(AC)结构的TIB模型,比较了3种模型的流动性能和燃烧性能。计算结果表明:TIB的燃烧效率高达99.3%,AC结构的改变对燃烧效率影响较小,但对温度场分布影响较大。     

同心圆式主副模分区燃烧组织燃烧室数值研究

针对新一代高温升燃烧室燃烧组织问题,提出了一种满足高温升燃烧室要求的方案,设计了先进的发散小孔冷却结构和同心圆式主副模分区的头部燃烧组织,采用稳态的压力求解器结合非预混PDF模型,对慢车和设计两个工况进行数值研究。通过数值计算获得了燃烧室速度场和温度场分布特性,结果显示了良好的分区供油分区燃烧组织特性。