固体火箭发动机燃烧室外压稳定性

应用有限元软件开展了燃烧室外压稳定计算,以壳体表面环向应变为判据,从环向应变-载荷曲线保守估算了燃烧室外压失稳载荷。为了验证有限元计算模型,通过假药配方的调试,研制外压试验用模拟燃烧室,开展全尺寸模拟燃烧室外压试验,得到了燃烧室失稳载荷。通过计算与试验结果的比较分析,为有限元模型的修正提供了基础,采用推进剂的压缩模量进行燃烧室外压稳定性计算更接近实际情况。     

富氢/富氧燃气气-气喷嘴热试

针对全流量补燃循环发动机气-气燃烧关键技术,设计了以气动谐振点火器为点火装置的气氢/气氧富氧预燃室、气氢/气氧富氢预燃室和气-气喷嘴燃烧室,开展了同轴剪切喷嘴气-气燃烧试验研究。试验结果表明,试验方案设计合理,系统稳定可靠,气-气喷嘴燃烧效率最高达到97.2%。随氧喷注器压降增加,燃烧室壁面的热载荷增加,燃烧效率降低。     

高纬极区电离层中离子声波谱线增强的解释

大量的实验研究表明, 在顶部极光区电离层, 利用EISCAT非相干散射雷达和Millstone Hill雷达可以观测到不对称、增强的离子声波谱线. 考虑到低能H+离子束沉降到背景电离层, 以及电离层顶部O+离子的外流事件, 采用含有场向热流项的双麦克斯韦分布描述H+离子束的分布函数, 进而基于离子－离子双流不稳定性理论来解释增强的离子声波谱线. 场向热流的引入可以减小离子声波谱线的不对称现象, 这样得到的结果更符合实际.      

分段式固体火箭发动机内部流动不稳定性数值分析

采用大涡模拟技术,针对某分段式固体火箭发动机开展了发动机燃面退移0mm,160mm和280mm三个时刻下发动机燃烧室内部流动不稳定现象的数值分析,获得了三个典型时刻燃烧室内压强可能的振荡特性.计算结果表明,在发动机点火初期燃烧室内流动不稳定性主要由表面涡脱落导致;随着燃面的退移,端面限燃层暴露在燃气中,由于端面包覆结构残余的影响,燃烧室内流动不稳定性主要由障碍涡脱落决定,且与点火初期相比,压强振荡的频率逐步减小.     

冲压发动机燃烧室点火性能试验

对具有四个旁侧进气道带机械火焰稳定装置的整体式冲压喷气发动机的起动点火性能进行了试验研究,分析了点火能量、稳定器槽宽、来流温度、点火余气系数等因素对冲压燃烧室的点火延迟时间的影响。研究表明,点火能量是影响冲压燃烧室点火起动的重要因素,通过提高点火能量可以实现冲压发动机的快速点火起动;另外,稳定系数越高,点火余气系数对应的燃烧效率越高,发动机点火越容易。     

火星探测器进入阶段稳定性分析

文章针对＂火星探路者＂,对火星探测器在进入火星大气减速过程中的运动稳定性问题进行了研究,分析了质心位置、进入条件、大气参数等因素对火星探测器运动稳定性的影响。分析结果表明,在马赫数大于1.2时,探测器处于一个比较稳定的状态。     

超音速混合及燃烧的强化技术

超音速气流中燃料与空气混合直接关系到燃烧效率，强化超音速混合及燃烧已成为各国专家正在解决的关键问题之一。本文在广泛搜集资料的基础上，归纳了已有的强化技术，为开展强化超音速混合及燃烧技术的研究作了必要的准备。     

燃烧室流场数值计算方法的改进

在燃烧室流场数值计算中,引入壁面函数,考虑流线弯曲效应以及湍流各向异性等因素后,可使计算结果与实验数据的吻合程度大有改进,故在流场数值计算中应计入这些因素。     

Induction of genomic instability after an acute whole-body exposure of mice to Fe ions

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dose–response relationships for the in vivo induction of micronuclei (MN) as a measure of both initial radiation damage and the induction of genomic instability. These measurements were made in mouse blood erythrocytes as a function of radiation dose, radiation quality, time after irradiation, and the genetic background of exposed individuals. Blood samples were collected from two strains of mouse (CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J) at different times up to 3 months following a whole-body exposure to various doses of 1 GeV/amu ⁵⁶Fe ions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy, at the dose rate of a 1 Gy/min) or ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Gy, at the dose rate of 0.72 Gy/min). Blood-smear slides were stained with acridine orange (AO). The frequencies of MN were measured in mature normochromatic-erythrocytes (MN-NCEs) and in immature polychromatic-erythrocytes (MN-PCEs). Effects of both types of radiation on erythropoiesis were also evaluated. As a measure of cell progression delay, a dose-dependent decrease in numbers of PCEs was observed at day 2 post-exposure in both strains, regardless of radiation quality. Subsequently, the levels of PCEs increased in all exposed mice, reaching control levels (or higher) by day 7 post-exposure. Further, at day 2 after the exposure, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-PCEs in CBA/CaJ mice exposed to ⁵⁶Fe ions while the frequency of MN-PCEs elevated as a function of dose in the C57BL/6J mice. At day 4, there was no dose related increase in MN-NCEs in either strain of mouse exposed to ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays. Additionally, at the early sacrifice times (days 2 and 4), ⁵⁶Fe ions were slightly more effective (per unit dose) in inducing MN-NCEs than ¹³⁷Cs gamma rays in CBA/CaJ mice. However, there was no increase in the frequency of MN-NCEs at late times after an acute exposure to either type of radiation. In contrast, both types of radiation induced increased MN-PCEs frequencies in irradiated CBA/CaJ mice, but not C57BL/6J mice, at late times post-exposure. This finding indicates the potential induction of genomic instability in hematopoietic cells of CBA/CaJ mice by both types of radiation. The finding also demonstrates the influence of genetic background on radiation-induced genomic instability in vivo.     

耦合凝相-气相动力学机理的二硝酰胺铵燃烧模型

为了研究二硝酰胺铵ADN(Ammonium Dinitramide)固体推进剂燃烧物理化学过程并预测其燃 烧特性,建立一个耦合凝相-气相动力学机理的ADN燃烧模型。该模型基于凝相与气相的总连 续方程、组元连续方程、能量守恒方程及有限速率化学动力学方程而建立,并引入多组元系 统状态方程封闭方程组。模型中包含34种组元,1个固相（凝相）ADN分解总化学反应和165 个气相细节（基元）化学反应,并使用以温度函数表示的物性参数进行计算。应用气相燃烧 模型 对0.6 MPa下ADN燃烧火焰温度、组元摩尔浓度分布进行预测;应用耦合凝相-气相的燃烧模 型对0.2 MPa～36 MPa压强区域内柱状端燃ADN推进剂燃速、燃烧表面温度进行预测,计算结 果与文献报道试验数据较吻合。说明该燃烧模型能够较准确描述ADN气相燃烧波结构和ADN固 体推进剂燃速特性。