不同燃料燃烧加热对超燃冲压发动机性能影响的分析与评估

为了评估不同燃料燃烧加热的空气污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,重点研究了相同流动匹配条件下四种不同燃料燃烧加热的超燃冲压发动机性能(氢、甲烷、酒精和煤油)。对相同流动匹配条件下,地面模拟飞行Ma=6,高度25km的超燃冲压发动机流道性能采用数值模拟进行了评估,并将之与飞行条件下的发动机性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同加热方式对进气道升力和升阻比有显著影响(升力最大差异>8%,升阻比最大差异>6%),对超燃冲压发动机性能也有显著影响,比推最大差异97N·s/kg,燃烧效率最大差异11%。      

固体推进剂燃烧过程铝团聚研究进展

综述了固体推进剂燃烧过程铝的团聚和凝相燃烧产物研究进展,对现有研究中存在的局限性进行了讨论,并分析了未来的研究趋势。建议未来在以下几个方向开展系统深入的研究,包括高压下固体推进剂燃烧过程铝团聚微观动力学机理,推进剂配方对团聚影响系统性实验研究,团聚模型,铝团聚抑制方法等。非常规铝粉的使用、对铝表面进行包覆等新型的团聚抑制方法应当予以重点关注。     

亚燃冲压模型燃烧室高空负压试验

为了验证亚燃冲压燃烧室在高空负压条件下稳定工作的能力,设计了带蒸发式值班火焰稳定器与直射式喷油装置的亚燃冲压模型燃烧室,对该模型燃烧室进行了冷态流阻试验、贫油熄火边界试验以及不同截面燃烧效率试验研究。研究结果表明,试验件的冷态流阻系数略大于1,冷态总压恢复系数0.98以上;蒸发式火焰稳定器贫油熄火边界较宽;两截面燃烧效率最低相差6%,最高相差19%,在高空负压条件下,增加燃烧段长度能显著提高燃烧效率。     

Numerical investigation of the nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse gaseous injection channel with different species

The mixing and combustion process has an important impact on the engineering realization of the scramjet engine. The nonreacting and reacting flow fields in a transverse injection channel have been investigated numerically, and the predicted results have been compared with the available experimental data in the open literature, the wall pressure distributions, the separation length, as well as the penetration height. Further, the influences of the molecular weight of the fuel and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio on the wall pressure distribution have been studied. The obtained results show that the predicted results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data, and the variable trends of the penetration height and the separation distance are almost the same as those obtained in the experiment. The vapor pressure model is suitable to fit the relationship between the penetration height, the separation distance and the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio. The combustion process mainly occurs upstream of the injection port, and it makes a great difference to the wall pressure distribution upstream of the injection port, especially when the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio is large enough, namely 17.72 and 25.15 in the range considered in the current study. For hydrogen, the combustion downstream of the injection port occurs more intensively, and this may be induced by its smaller molecular weight.     

固体火箭超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能影响因素研究

为了获得以飞行马赫数5.5巡航工作的固体火箭超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能影响因素,开展了地面直连实验和数值模拟研究。利用数值手段研究了固体燃气喷注方式、扰流装置的形式以及燃烧室扩张比等因素对燃烧室性能的影响规律,获得了高燃烧效率(≥90%)的垂直喷注式发动机燃烧室构型。研究表明：1)垂直喷注方式能增强富燃燃气与空气的掺混效果,颗粒相的燃烧效率较中心支板式双火箭燃烧室构型提高了25%;2)对比不同级数的扰流装置对发动机性能影响,同时考虑扰流装置热防护问题和发动机结构复杂程度,双级扰流装置的扰流形式增强效果较优,颗粒相的燃烧效率较单级扰流装置的燃烧室构型方案提高了26%;3)对比不同燃烧室扩张比对发动机性能影响,扩张比1.6的燃烧室构型方案颗粒相的燃烧效率为95%。综上所述,本文优化得到了垂直喷注方式、双级扰流装置以及燃烧室扩张比为1.6的高燃烧效率的发动机燃烧室构型。     

Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.     

流向旋涡强化混合技术的试验研究

针对冲压发动机燃烧室中氢燃料的燃烧特点,设计了一种流向旋涡发生器（Ｓｔｒｅａｍ－ｗｉｓｅＶｏｒｔｅｘＧｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒｓ,简记作ＳＶＧｓ）型强混稳焰器,并与传统的Ｖ型稳焰器作比较。冷态试验与热态试验的结果都揭示,这种新型稳焰器有较高的燃烧效率和较低的总压损失,性能强于Ｖ型稳器。在ＳＶＧｓ稳焰器中引入了方孔射流,试验证实,其混合效果强于圆孔射流。     

旋转固体发动机燃烧室燃气湍流流动数值模拟

采用贴体坐标系和ＳＩＭＰＬＥ法,对固体发动机在旋转热试车条件下的燃烧室内流场进行了数值模拟。不同燃烧时刻的计算结果表明： 旋转对固体发动机燃烧室燃气流动结构的影响随着燃烧肉厚的退移而显著增强; 在发动机药柱的前翼燃烧消失后, 前封头开口区域的切向涡开始变得强烈; 切向涡的分布呈现Ｒａｎｋｉｎｅ 涡的特点, 在发动机前开口区域涡的固核半径极小, 旋转速度极大, 这将严重影响该区域的热防护, 应引起有关设计人员的高度重视。     

透气性推进剂对流燃烧特性的影响因素

研究了透气性推进剂（ＧＰＰ）稳定对流燃速和对流燃烧转变压力的影响因素。这些因素包括：ＧＰＰ密度，基础质量燃速，微孔参数及燃烧压力等。通过图象分析仪测定ＧＰＰ的微孔参数，并用大容量密闭爆发器测定ＧＰＰ的对流燃烧等特性。获得了ＧＰＰ对流燃烧转为压力主要与初始平均孔径和ＧＰＰ密度有关的结论。对于所研究的体系，对流转变压力大致上与ＧＰＰ密度的平方成正比，而与初始孔径成反比。稳定对流燃速的大小则随ＧＰＰ密度     

煤基高能煤油点火及燃烧性能研究

为研究煤基高能煤油的点火及燃烧性能,开展了气氧煤油姿控发动机热试车,研究了煤基高能煤油发动机真空比冲性能、脉冲工作性能和响应特性.结果显示:煤基高能煤油发动机点火可靠、燃烧稳定,脉冲工作性能和启动/关机响应特性均满足工程应用要求,真空比冲性能相比火箭煤油基础油发动机提高了约7s.