孔排布方式对多斜孔壁火焰筒传热特性影响的数值研究

为了探寻高效的冷却技术,将多斜孔壁冷却结构应用于燃烧室火焰筒中,在实际工作条件下,对三种孔排布方式的火焰筒冷却特性进行了数值模拟.研究了斜排孔阵的周向偏移量H相对周向孔间距p的变化(模型A:H/p=0.2;模型B:H/p=0.4;模型C:H/p =0.5)对冷却特性的影响.计算结果表明,在燃烧室进口条件相同时,H/p的变化对总冷却用气量的影响很小,但对火焰筒的传热特性有明显影响,模型C的冷却效果优于模型A和B,并且火焰筒出口的温度分布不均匀系数ε较小.     

Experimental study of rotating gliding arc discharge plasma-assisted combustion in an aero-engine combustion chamber

The combustion chamber is the core component of an aero-engine, and affects its reliability and security operation, even the performance of the aircraft. In this work, a Plasma-Assisted Combustion(PAC) test platform was developed to validate the feasibility of using PAC actuators to enhance annular combustor performance. Two plans of PAC(rotating gliding arc discharge plasma) were designed, Assisted Combustion from Primary Holes(ACPH) and Assisted Combustion from Dilution Holes(ACDH). Comparative experiments and analysis between conventional combustion and PAC were conducted to study the effects of ACPH and ACDH on the performances including average outlet temperature, combustion efficiency, pattern factor under four different excessive air coefficients(0.8, 1, 2, and 4), and lean blowout performance at different inlet airflow velocities. Experimental results show that the combustion efficiency is improved after PAC compared with that in normal conditions, and the combustion efficiency of ACPH increases2.45%, 1.49%, 1.04%, and 0.47%, while it increases 2.75%, 1.67%, 1.36%, and 0.36% under ACDH conditions. The uniformity of the outlet temperature field and the lean blowout performance are improved after PAC. Especially for ACPH, the widening of the lean blowout limit is8.3%, 12.4%, 12.8%, and 25% respectively when the inlet velocity ranges from 60 m/s to120 m/s. These results offer new perspectives for using PAC devices to enhance aero-engine combustors' performances.     

气体燃料气动火焰稳定器混合特性的初步研究

为了克服航空发动机加力燃烧室传统钝体火焰稳定器存在的流阻较大、燃烧效率较低和红外辐射偏大的缺点,设计了一种气体燃料气动火焰稳定器,通过喷射气体燃料射流形成气动屏障来产生回流区从而稳定火焰,并采用数值模拟计算和实验测试的方法研究了气体燃料火焰稳定器的混合特性。数值模拟计算表明气动火焰稳定器掺混速度快,可在回流区内形成余气系数比较均匀的混合物,且回流区内余气系数分布随来流和射流的参数变化基本保持恒定不变,实验结果证实了数值模拟的结果,并表明采用气动火焰稳定器的燃烧效率较高,部分工况可达98%以上,可为加力燃烧室火焰稳定器的研究和设计提供参考和依据。     

Experimental of combustion instability in NTO/MMH impinging combustion chambers

This paper presents an experimental study into dynamics of chamber pressure and heat release rate during self-excited spinning and standing azimuthal mode in NTO/MMH (nitrogen tetroxide/monomethylhydrazine) impinging combustion chambers. Nine cases including two combustion chamber configurations were conducted. The operating conditions of all unstable cases were located in the instability region according to Hewitt empirical correlation. The results show that chamber pressure oscillations keep pace with the corresponding OH* chemiluminescence intensity over the whole combustion region in the spinning and standing modes. It is indicated that the Rayleigh index is positive over the whole combustion area in all the unstable cases. A significant supersonic flame front structure of the first-order spinning mode was found in a cylindrical chamber, which means that a detonation wave could exist in the cylindrical chamber without a center body. The pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node are nonnegligible although their amplitudes are lower than those at the pressure antinode in the first-order standing mode with an annular chamber. Besides, the dominant frequency of pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node is twice as high as that at the pressure antinode.     

Thermal behavior of an isolator with mode transition inducing back-pressure of a dual-mode scramjet

Combustion mode transition is a valuable and challenging research area in dual-mode scramjet engines. The thermal behavior of an isolator with mode transition inducing back-pressure is investigated by direct-connect dual-mode scramjet experiments and theoretical analysis. Combustion experiments are conducted under the incoming airflow conditions of total temperature 1270 K and Mach 2. A small increment of the fuel equivalence ratio is scheduled to trigger mode transition. Correspondingly, the variation of the coolant flow rate is very small. Based on the mea-sured wall pressures, the heat-transfer model can quantify the thermal state variation of the engine with active cooling. Compared with the combustor, mode transition has a greater effect on the iso-lator thermal behavior, and it significantly changes the isolator heat-flux and wall temperature. To further study the isolator thermal behavior from flight Mach 4 to Mach 7, a theoretical analysis is carried out. Around the critical point of combustion mode transition, sudden changes of the isola-tor flowfield and thermal state are discussed.     

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of Chinese RP-3 kerosene

In order to illustrate the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene which is widely used in Chinese aero-engines, the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene were experimentally investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiments were performed at four different pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa, and three different temperatures of 390 K,420 K and 450 K, and over the equivalence ratio range of 0.6–1.6. Furthermore, the laminar combustion speeds of a surrogate fuel for RP-3 kerosene were simulated under certain conditions. The results show that increasing the initial temperature or decreasing the initial pressure causes an increase in the laminar combustion speed of RP-3 kerosene. With the equivalence ratio increasing from 0.6 to 1.6, the laminar combustion speed increases initially and then decreases gradually.The highest laminar combustion speed is measured under fuel rich condition(the equivalence ratio is 1.2). At the same time, the Markstein length shows the same changing trend as the laminar combustion speed with modification of the initial pressure. Increasing the initial pressure will increase the instability of the flame front, which is established by decreased Markstein length. However, different from the effects of the initial temperature and equivalence ratio on the laminar combustion speed,increasing the equivalence ratio will lead to a decrease in the Markstein length and the stability of the flame front, and the effect of the initial temperature on the Markstein length is unclear. Furthermore, the simulated laminar combustion speeds of the surrogate fuel agree with the corresponding experimental datas of RP-3 kerosene within 10% deviation under certain conditions.     

突扩燃烧室低频燃烧不稳定控制方法

为实现对突扩燃烧室低频燃烧不稳定的高效控制,采用实验手段和数值模拟开展了低频燃烧不稳定的控制方法研究。开展了燃料脉冲喷射开环主动控制实验研究,发现燃料脉冲喷射所形成的周期性放热是抑制压强振动的主要原因。这种周期性放热与压强振动反相时会明显削弱压强振荡幅度,所以喷射相位角是影响控制效果的主要因素。对空气喷射控制方式进行了大涡模拟,这种方式能够比较有效地干扰突扩面上大尺度旋涡的形成,起到较好的抑制效果。对燃烧室突扩构型进行改进,开展了被动控制的数值模拟,通过采用台阶突扩面的被动控制方式指出了破坏大尺度旋涡的形成和切断振动能量的正反馈机制是实现燃烧不稳定被动控制的主要途径。     

一种新型固体推进剂比冲标准物质

介绍一种新型的比冲标准物质BC-1,同SQ-2标准物质相比,对配方进行了改进,其燃烧性能和燃烧稳定性均优于SQ-2。通过对配方中燃烧催化系统的改进,研制出了一种新型的比冲标准物质BC-1,克服了SQ-2标准物质的燃烧不稳定性,且具有优良的燃烧特性,在6MPa~12 MPa压力范围内的压强指数由0.60降至-0.03。     

分布式非预混火焰传递函数的实验研究

非预混燃烧是动力设备和推进系统中常见的燃烧组织形式。为了理解非预混火焰的动力学特性、预测和控制其振荡燃烧现象,有必要获得其火焰传递函数。本文通过实验测量对分布式非预混火焰的传递函数进行了研究,实验对象为甲烷空气同心射流火焰。实验中使用双麦克风技术测量燃烧室出口速度脉动,作为传递函数的输入量;使用CH基自发荧光测量燃烧过程的放热率脉动,作为传递函数的输出量。搭建了卡塞格林光学测量系统,以提升放热率测量的空间分辨率,实现单点测量,进而得到一维分布式火焰传递函数。结果表明,在频域内,实验中测得的传递函数的幅值沿火焰轴向存在两个峰值,在幅值的峰谷处相位角有180°翻转,这是热斑以对流速度向下游传播,跨越火焰面时所造成的。     

微孔推进剂稳定燃烧条件的初步计算研究

建立了一个描述微孔推进剂燃烧的模型，并得到了推进剂稳定燃烧时的控制方程组。计算了燃烧室压力与初始空隙率等对燃烧过程的影响，分析了稳定燃烧时应满足的一些基本条件，结果与实验值相一致。