Test sequencing problem arising at the design stage for reducing life cycle cost

Previous test sequencing algorithms only consider the execution cost of a test at the application stage. Due to the fact that the placement cost of some tests at the design stage is considerably high compared with the execution cost, the sequential diagnosis strategy obtained by previous methods is actually not optimal from the view of life cycle. In this paper, the test sequencing problem based on life cycle cost is presented. It is formulated as an optimization problem, which is non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard). An algorithm and a strategy to improve its computational efficiency are proposed. The formulation and algorithms are tested on various simulated systems and comparisons are made with the extant test sequencing methods. Application on a pump rotational speed control (PRSC) system of a spacecraft is studied in detail. Both the simulation results and the real-world case application results suggest that the solution proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the life cycle cost of a sequential fault diagnosis strategy.     

Galactic cosmic ray modulation for sunspot cycle 23

We present a study of the galactic cosmic ray modulation for sunspot cycle 23. We use the monthly and the annual mean hourly, pressure corrected, data from neutron monitors of the global network (monthly rate is calculated as the average of the hourly pressure corrected values). We draw attention to an asymmetry in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) recovery during odd and even cycles for the monthly mean hourly rate data. For over half a century of observations, we find that the recovery for the odd cycles is to a higher level than for the even cycles. Qualitatively the effect is ascribed to charged particle drifts in inhomogeneous interplanetary magnetic field. Even so it has not been possible to arrive at a quantitative, self-consistent, explanation in terms of drifts at higher and lower GCR rigidities. We also study the rigidity dependence of the amplitude of 11-year modulation over a wide range (1–200 GV) of GCR spectrum; it is a power law in rigidity with an exponent −1.22. We discuss the implication of these findings on quasi-linear diffusion theories of modulation. We reflect on GCR recovery pattern for 2006–2009.     

Accuracy of IRI profiles of ionospheric density and temperatures derived from comparisons to Kharkov incoherent scatter radar measurements

The incoherent scatter radar (ISR) facility in Kharkov, Ukraine (49.6°N, 36.3°E) measures vertical profiles of electron density, electron and ion temperature, and ion composition of the ionospheric plasma up to 1100 km altitude. Acquired measurements constitute an accurate ionospheric reference dataset for validation of the variety of models and alternative measurement techniques. We describe preliminary results of comparing the Kharkov ISR profiles to the international reference ionosphere (IRI), an empirical model recognized for its reliable representation of the monthly-median climatology of the density and temperature profiles during quiet-time conditions, with certain extensions to the storm times. We limited our comparison to only quiet geomagnetic conditions during the autumnal equinoxes of 2007 and 2008. Overall, we observe good qualitative agreement between model and data both in time and with altitude. Magnitude-wise, the measured and modeled electron density and plasma temperatures profiles appear different. We discovered that representation accuracy improves significantly when IRI is driven by observed-averaged values of the solar activity index rather than their predictions. This result motivated us to study IRI performance throughout protracted solar minimum of the 24th cycle. The paper summarizes our observations and recommendations for optimal use of the IRI.     

Comparative study of foF2 measurements with IRI-2007 model predictions during extended solar minimum

The unusually deep and extended solar minimum of cycle 23/24 made it very difficult to predict the solar indices 1 or 2 years into the future. Most of the predictions were proven wrong by the actual observed indices. IRI gets its solar, magnetic, and ionospheric indices from an indices file that is updated twice a year. In recent years, due to the unusual solar minimum, predictions had to be corrected downward with every new indices update. In this paper we analyse how much the uncertainties in the predictability of solar activity indices affect the IRI outcome and how the IRI values calculated with predicted and observed indices compared to the actual measurements. Monthly median values of F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from the ionosonde measurements at the mid-latitude ionospheric station Juliusruh were compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model predictions. The analysis found that IRI provides reliable results that compare well with actual measurements, when the definite (observed and adjusted) indices of solar activity are used, while IRI values based on earlier predictions of these indices noticeably overestimated the measurements during the solar minimum. One of the principal objectives of this paper is to direct attention of IRI users to update their solar activity indices files regularly. Use of an older index file can lead to serious IRI overestimations of F-region electron density during the recent extended solar minimum.     

复合预冷吸气式火箭发动机热力循环分析

采用热力学第一定律分析法分析了复合预冷吸气式火箭发动机(SABRE)的基本热力过程,得出了吸气模式和火箭模式下的理想循环功和热效率表达式,确定了影响发动机理想热力循环性能的特征参数。结果表明:吸气模式下SABRE核心机采用布雷顿循环,压气机的增压比和循环增温比是影响理想热力循环性能的关键参数;火箭模式下SABRE采用火箭发动机循环,喷管降压比和出口排气速度是影响理想热力循环性能的关键参数。氦气仅仅在发动机内通过换热器换热实现能量在各循环子系统之间的输运,而其本身并无变化,不对发动机的理想循环功和热效率产生影响。     

涡轮基组合循环发动机燃油系统流动传热耦合仿真软件开发

为避免燃油系统温度压力过高造成燃油系统故障,针对涡轮基组合循环发动机燃油系统流动传热特性进行了联合仿真软件开发研究.根据燃油系统的工作原理、流动传热机理,建立了燃油系统各个元组件的Flowmaster数学模型,采用Visual Basic(VB)语言基于Microsoft Visual Studio(VS)软件平台二次...     

全流量补燃循环液氧甲烷发动机推力调节方案研究

无毒、无污染的大推力可重复使用液氧甲烷发动机成为研究热潮,以200 t级全流量补燃循环液氧甲烷发动机为研究对象,结合真实气体效应下涡轮绝热功模型和低温冷却套模型,对比分析了发动机多种调节元件设置方案,结果表明富氧发生器、富燃发生器副路调节元件分别设置为调节器和节流阀时,发动机推力和混合比耦合程度相对较低,利于单一工况参数的调节。在此系统方案基础上,通过仿真对比分析,选择出了最佳推力调节方案。     

单外涵变循环发动机变几何特性仿真

为了研究单外涵变循环发动机变几何性能收益,建立了一种单外涵变循环发动机总体性能仿真模型,并通过算例验证了仿真模型的计算精度。根据不同飞行状态的发动机控制规律和最优控制目标,模拟生成3种变几何方案最佳变几何参数以及最佳节流特性和高度-速度特性。结果表明：在设定的控制规律下,相对发动机常规变几何方案（方案1）,尾喷管、混合器与低压涡轮导向器可调的变几何方案（方案3）使发动机地面节流状态耗油率降低1.7%～3.0%,超声速巡航推力增大14%～29%,亚声速巡航耗油率降低0.9%～3.1%,在3种变几何方案中性能收益最大;尾喷管与混合器可调的变几何方案（方案2）使发动机地面节流状态耗油率降低1.2%～2.2%,超声速巡航推力增大3%～17%,亚声速巡航耗油率降低0.9%～1.2%,在3种变几何方案中性能收益居中。发动机变几何方案的选择应综合考虑结构复杂度、可靠性、质量等方面的代价与基于特定任务需求的总体性能收益的平衡。     

气驱预压涡轮泵对发动机液氧路频率特性影响

液氧/煤油补燃循环发动机液氧路频率特性对于火箭POGO振动和发动机动力学特性具有重要的意义.以某型液氧/煤油补燃循环发动机氧路流体系统为研究对象,重点考虑气涡轮和泵动态特性的影响建立了系统线性化小偏差频域模型.应用复系数状态空间矩阵法计算了气涡轮压比、氧预压泵动态增益、燃气掺混段特性对系统频率特性的影响.研究结果表明:...     

基于梯度法和最大熵方法的变循环发动机加速控制规律设计

为了解决变循环发动机(VCE)加减速控制规律设计问题,提出了一种基于梯度法和最大熵方法的VCE加速控制规律优化设计方法.通过求加速时间对几何变量的导数确定几何变量调整的方向和步长,逐步得出加速过程的几何调节规律.计算VCE加速过程时,采用过渡态直接模拟方法保证发动机的喘振裕度、燃烧室油气比和涡轮进口总温均满足约束条件....