适用于单频GPS用户的周跳探测方法

针对单频GPS(Global Position System)用户的载波相位周跳探测问题,在传统的载波相位和伪距组合方法的基础上提出了一种新的周跳探测方法.该方法将载波相位和码伪距的组合观测量在历元间做差形成差分序列,以此构造实时的周跳探测量,由于该探测量易受观测噪声的影响,因此使用仰角指数模型作为经验模型对于测距噪声进行估计,基于假设检验的方法,通过对该探测量是否超过相应的检测门限来判断是否存在周跳.在实测的GPS观测数据基础上,对这一方法进行了验证,结果表明:相对于传统的周跳探测方法,该方法可以更加及时、准确地发现较小的周跳,对于单频的GPS用户具有较好的适应性.      

Modeling ground and space based cosmic ray observations

After entering our local astrosphere (called the heliosphere), galactic cosmic rays, as charged particles, are affected by the Sun’s turbulent magnetic field. This causes their intensities to decrease towards the inner heliosphere, a process referred to as modulation. Over the years, cosmic ray modulation has been studied extensively at Earth, utilizing both ground and space based observations. Moreover, modelling cosmic ray modulation and comparing results with observations, insight can be gained into the transport of these particles, as well as offering explanations for observed features. We review some of the most prominent cosmic ray observations made near Earth, how these observations can be modelled and what main insights are gained from this modelling approach. Furthermore, a discussion on drifts, as one of the main modulation processes, are given as well as how drift effects manifest in near Earth observations. We conclude by discussing the contemporary challenges, fuelled by observations, which are presently being investigated. A main challenge is explaining observations made during the past unusual solar minimum.     

Comparison of GPS TEC measurements with IRI-2007 TEC prediction over the Kenyan region during the descending phase of solar cycle 23

This paper presents an analysis of the Total Electron Content (TEC) derived from the International GNSS Service receiver (formerly IGS) at Malindi (2.9°S, 40.1°E), Kenya for the periods 2004–2006 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of the TEC are compared with TEC from the latest International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-2007). The GPS–TEC exhibits features such as an equatorial noon time dip, semi-annual variations, Equatorial Ionization Anomaly and day-to-day variability. The lowest GPS–TEC values are observed near the June solstice and September equinox whereas largest values are observed near the March equinox and December solstice. The mean GPS–TEC values show a minimum at 03:00 UT and a peak value at about 10:00 UT. These results are compared with the TEC derived from IRI-2007 using the NeQuick option for the topside electron density (IRI–TEC). Seasonal mean hourly averages show that IRI-2007 model TEC values are too high for all the seasons. The high prediction primarily occur during daytime hours till around midnight hours local time for all the seasons, with the highest percentage deviation in TEC of more 90% seen in September equinox and lowest percentage deviation in TEC of less than 20% seen in March equinox. Unlike the GPS–TEC, the IRI–TEC does not respond to geomagnetic storms and does overestimate TEC during the recovery phase of the storm. While the modeled and observed data do correlate so well, we note that IRI-2007 model is strongly overestimating the equatorial ion fountain effect during the descending phase of solar cycle, and this could be the reason for the very high TEC estimations.     

基于Simapro的气动与电动执行器生命周期评价

在机械性能和工况相近的情况下,对3组气动执行器和电动执行器进行生命周期评价(LCA,Life Cycle Assessment),分析了气动和电动执行器的环境影响评价主要因素,确定了两种执行器的LCA研究范围、系统边界和时间边界,归纳了两种执行器制造过程的主要工艺和零部件的工艺特征,最后在Simapro 7.1中进行了两种执行器的评价框架建立和数据录入,根据Eco-indicator 99进行了两种执行器LCA对比分析.结果表明,执行器对资源的环境影响约占环境影响综合值的50%;机械性能和工况相近的气动和电动执行器,电动执行器的环境影响比气动执行器大.     

一种高精度定量方式在上面级加注系统中的应用

简述了发射北斗导航卫星时上面级加注系统的精度要求以及常规航天推进剂加注系统精度实际情况。为了满足上面级加注系统的高精度要求,引入了一种全新的地面定量方式,即电子秤和气体质量流量控制器联合系统定量方式,并对这种全新的定量方式进行了详细分析和理论计算。分析和试验结果表明,该定量方式正确可行,定量精度高,满足上面级对加注系统高精度的要求。     

30kN上面级液氧甲烷发动机方案

上面级是介于运载火箭与航天器之间的相对独立的一级,具备轨道转移能力,可将有效载荷精确送入预定轨道.上面级是提高火箭运载能力和提升任务适应性的有效途径,上面级发动机是实现该目标的关键.长期在轨的高性能上面级,要求主动力具备比冲高、空间可长期贮存和高可靠性等能力.针对此技术需求,对比分析了上面级发动机的系统方案;设计了采用...     

嫦娥五号探测器多圈调相地月转移应急轨道设计与分析

针对嫦娥五号任务上升段末期火箭二级发动机可能出现的提前关机故障造成入轨半长轴偏差较大和中途修正速度增量超限问题,提出了多圈调相地月转移轨道应急控制策略.首先,分析了不同入轨半长轴偏差、中途修正时刻与中途修正速度增量消耗之间的关系;其次,针对半长轴偏差较大问题,基于微分改正算法与B平面参数,设计了解析窗口搜索与多圈调相地...     

脉冲热负荷下相变蓄热对蒸发循环制冷性能的影响

针对激光器等短时大功率器件的温度控制问题,提出了基于相变蓄热与蒸发循环制冷的热控制方法.以峰值热流密度为106 W/m2的激光器为控温对象,建立相变蓄热与蒸发循环制冷耦合的仿真模型,通过数值仿真对比研究了有无相变蓄热器及不同相变蓄热器耦合位置、压缩机转速及热负荷占空比情况下热源的温度波动幅度与制冷系统的制冷效率.结果表...     

空地反辐射导弹对抗雷达关机全弹道仿真研究

对抗雷达关机是反辐射导弹一项重大关键技术。本文采用了被动雷达寻的复合惯性末制导做为反辐射导弹的抗雷达关机方案；通过卡尔曼滤波方法解决了惯性基准轴误差修正问题；最后结合导弹运动方程组对导弹从发射点开始至雷达关机点，直到导弹落地的飞行全过程进行了全弹道仿真。仿真结果说明了抗雷达关机方案的有效性。     

涡轮/冲压组合发动机性能分析工具

着眼于建立一套性能分析工具，可用于高超声速飞行器串联式涡轮/冲压组合动力装置总体方案的性能评估及设计约束条件分析。为了满足飞行器从起飞到飞行马赫数5宽广飞行包线内对动力装置性能的苛刻要求，所研究的组合发动机通过调整五个可调机构再加涡扇冲压燃油调节来实现变循环概念。该工具采用一维气动热力分析技术，使用了经试验验证的各部件特性，同时考虑了气体的变比热性质。通过采用面向对象的程序设计方法，该工具提供了一个性能仿真平台，可供涡扇工作模式，冲压工作模式，涡扇/冲压模式转换过程的热力循环分析，非设计点性能分析，控制规律研究等。借助于该工具，涡扇模式及冲压模式的热力循环分析结果表明，回流裕度是涡扇模式循环参数选择中需要重点考虑的因素；高的冲压燃烧室出口温度有利于提高冲压发动机的循环性能。