基于DSP的总线式飞控系统

针对小型无人机控制系统对功耗、成本、可集成性等的较高要求,设计了一种基于DSP芯片TMS320F2812的总线式飞行控制系统。详细阐述了系统的设计思想及其基本硬件构成,包括采用DSP为处理单元的飞控计算机、采用低成本MEMS惯性器件的捷联式姿态航向基准系统(航姿仪)和提高通讯可靠性的双余度总线。飞行试验表明该系统满足小型无人机自主控制任务对于可靠性和精度的要求,同时也是一种轻型、低成本、高集成度的方案。     

微型无人直升机飞控系统的设计及其半实物仿真

介绍一种以DSP和CPLD作为硬件核心的微型无人直升机飞行控制系统,包括系统传感器数据采集电路、串口扩展电路、舵机控制电路、电源电路等硬件功能模块的设计和实现。在此基础上辅以传感器信息融合、姿态解算、飞行控制算法等系统软件。最后构建一个半实物仿真系统,仿真结果表明该飞控系统的可行性。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

飞行器滑模变结构姿态控制器参数优化设计

研究了大气层外飞行器姿态控制器设计。基于误差四元数建立飞行器姿态运动学与动力学方程,用滑模变结构控制方法设计控制器,通过构造Lyapunov函数验证了控制器具全局稳定性和鲁棒性。以控制器参数为优化变量,机动时间为优化指标,飞行器发动机输出力矩为约束条件,用粒子群算法实现对滑模控制器参数的优化设计。仿真结果表明：控制器设计可行且有效,并能对参数进行优化。     

无人机系统的卫星中继数据链

针对大中型无人机系统实现远程测控与信息传输的技术需求,在参考国外＂捕食者＂、＂全球鹰＂等先进无人机系统技术体制和实现方案的基础上,提出了利用商业或军用通信卫星作为空中中继平台,建立无人机卫星中继数据链,实现我国远程无人机系统的超视距遥控、遥测和侦察信息实时传输的解决方案,这对延伸无人机系统的作用距离、提高作战效能具有重要意义。文中分析了无人机系统卫星中继数据链的技术体制,提出了工程应用中的关键技术,对具体的工程实现具有一定的指导意义。     

降低亚轨道飞行器再入法向过载峰值的攻角设计方法

针对亚轨道飞行器再入中的大过载问题,提出一种通过保持法向过载动态平衡以大幅降低法向过载峰值的攻角设计方法。该方法基于再入飞行中过载演化特性,通过自主分段、预测反馈及迭代修正对再入攻角进行设计,使攻角变化率与法向过载的期望平衡值相适应,并可经过重复计算及收敛实现法向过载峰值最小化。仿真计算的结果表明,该方法能够大幅降低亚轨道飞行器再入中的法向过载,且按照该方法设计所获攻角策略可有效用于亚轨道飞行器再入任务规划、再入轨迹和制导律设计。
     

Proactive optimization of transmission power and 3D trajectory in UAV-assisted relay systems with mobile ground users

In this paper, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted relay communication system is studied, where a UAV is served as a flying relay to maintain a communication link between a mobile source node and a remote destination node. Specifically, an average outage probability minimization problem is formulated firstly, with the constraints on the transmission power of the source node, the maximum energy consumption budget, the transmission power, the speed and acceleration of the flying UAV relay. Next, the closed-form of outage probability is derived, under the hybrid line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight probability channel model. To deal with the formulated nonconvex optimization, a long-term proactive optimization mechanism is developed. In particular, firstly, an approximation for line-of-sight probability and a reformulation of the primal problem are given, respectively. Then, the reformulated problem is transformed into two subproblems: one is the transmission power optimization with given UAV’s trajectory and the other is the trajectory optimization with given transmission power allocation. Next, two subproblems are tackled via tailoring primal–dual subgradient method and successive convex approximation, respectively. Furthermore, a proactive optimization algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize the transmission power allocation and the three-dimensional trajectory. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm under various parameter configurations.     

Multi-disciplinary design optimization with fuzzy uncertainties and its application in hybrid rocket motor powered launch vehicle

In this paper, an Uncertainty-based Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization (UMDO) method combining with fuzzy theory and Multi-Discipline Feasible (MDF) method is developed for the conceptual design of a Hybrid Rocket Motor (HRM) powered Launch Vehicle (LV). In the method proposed, membership functions are used to represent the uncertain factors, the fuzzy statistical experiment is introduced to analyze the propagation of uncertainties, and means, standard deviations and credibility measures are used to delineate uncertain responses. A geometric programming problem is solved to verify the feasibility of the Fuzzy-based Multi-Discipline Feasible (F-MDF) method. A multi-disciplinary analysis of a three-stage HRM powered LV involving the disciplines of propulsion, structure, aerodynamics and trajectory is implemented, and the mathematical models corresponding to the F-MDF method and the MDF method are established. A two-phase optimization method is proposed for multi-disciplinary design optimization of the LV, including the orbital capacity optimization phase based on the Ziolkowski formula, and the scheme trajectory verification phase based on the 3-degree-of-freedom point trajectory simulation. The correlation coefficients and the quadratic Response Surface Method (RSM) based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) are adopted for sensitive analysis of uncertain factors, and the Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) is adopted as the optimization algorithm. The results show that the F-MDF method is applicable in LV conceptual design, and the design with the F-MDF method is more reliable and robust than that with the MDF method.     

返回式卫星烧蚀热防护机理与数值模拟

详细讨论了低温炭化材料的质量损失和吸热机理。利用分层模型,给出具有不同物理和化学特性的各层的能量守恒关系。用积分法给出各层热防护的数值模拟,数值模拟计算结果与一维热传导解析解结果一致,亦与地面烧蚀实验結果一致。