基于Lyapunov函数的小天体软着陆障碍规避控制方法

针对姿轨耦合型探测器控制方法存在工程实现难、计算效率低的问题,提出一种基于Lyapunov函数的小天体自主软着陆障碍规避控制方法。首先,建立了小天体着陆过程姿态和轨道的动力学模型;其次,考虑探测器当前的势能与障碍地形对探测器的威胁选取Lyapunov函数,并根据Lyapunov稳定性原理推导了推力器的开关控制逻辑,能够实现到达目标着陆点的同时进行障碍规避,且该过程不需事先设计参考模型。同时,该控制逻辑具有解析形式,能够实现实时障碍规避。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效实现规避障碍且满足姿态稳定的要求。     

Highly reliable relative navigation for multi-UAV formation flight in urban environments

Formation flight of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is expected to bring significant benefits to a wide range of applications. Accurate and reliable relative position information is a prerequisite to safely maintain a fairly close distance between UAVs and to achieve inner-system collision avoidance. However, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements are vulnerable to erroneous signals in urban canyons, which could potentially lead to catastrophic consequences. Accordingly, on the basis of performing relative positioning with double differenced pseudoranges, this paper develops an integrity monitoring framework to improve navigation integrity (a measure of reliability) in urban environments. On the one hand, this framework includes a fault detection and exclusion scheme to protect against measurement faults. To accommodate urban scenarios, spatial dependence in the faults are taken into consideration by this scheme. On the other hand, relative protection level is rigorously derived to describe the probabilistic error bound of the navigation output. This indicator can be used to evaluate collision risk and to warn collision danger in real time. The proposed algorithms are validated by both simulations and flight experiments. Simulation results quantitatively reveal the sensitivity of navigation performance to receiver configurations and environmental conditions. And experimental results suggest high efficiency and effectiveness of the new integrity monitoring framework.     

编队卫星碰撞规避方法研究

对编队卫星碰撞规避方法进行了研究。通过递推编队卫星的初始状态协方差阵,将碰撞概率密度函数在危险区域积分获得编队卫星的碰撞概率。当碰撞概率大于安全阈值时,向卫星施加最小脉冲速度修正量Δv,在垂直于终止时刻相对速度的平面机动一定距离以降低碰撞概率。仿真结果表明:用计算的碰撞概率能较好地预测编队卫星的潜在碰撞危险,所选机动策略有效。     

一种可变形桁架避障规划方法*

摘要： 为解决VGT的避障规划问题,给出一种等效机械臂模型并分析单级VGT正向递推运动学中的冗余问题.针对等效模型,利用遗传算法设计避障规划算法得到等效模型变量,再反算VGT各级可调杆长度得到VGT的避障算法.所得结果使得VGT等效机械臂模型各级具有相同的移动关节长度,且相邻两级转动关节角度变化较小.对避障规划结果和VGT到等效模型的变换进行仿真验证对比,验证算法有效性.     

一种无人机自主避障与目标追踪方法

针对无人机自主避障与目标追踪问题，以深度Q网络(DQN)算法为基础，提出一种多经验池深度Q网络(MP DQN)算法，使无人机避障与追踪的成功率和算法的收敛性得到优化。更进一步，赋予无人机环境感知能力，并在奖励函数中设计了方向奖惩函数，提升了无人机对环境的泛化能力以及算法的整体性能。仿真结果表明，相较于DQN和双重DQN(DDQN)算法，MP DQN算法具有更快的收敛速度、更短的追踪路径和更强的环境适应性。     

基于改进A*算法的UUV冰下避障航迹规划算法

针对冰下避障航迹规划问题,提出了一种基于改进A*算法的三维冰下避障航迹规划算法.不同于传统的A*航迹规划算法,该算法结合了人工势场航迹规划算法的思想,将水下地形碰撞约束、海冰碰撞约束以及UUV巡航高度约束重新编排.算法分析表明,该避障航迹规划算法能够有效增强UUV冰下避障能力与定深巡航高度控制能力.基于改进的A*冰下避障航迹规划算法,给出了上述约束的设计方法并进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明,基于上述约束的航迹规划算法具有良好的避障能力、巡航高度控制能力以及航行距离控制能力.     

Periodic event-triggered formation control for multi-UAV systems with collision avoidance

In this paper, periodic event-triggered formation control problems with collision avoidance are studied for leader–follower multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Firstly, based on the Artificial Potential Field (APF) method, a novel sliding manifold is proposed for controller design, which can solve the problem of collision avoidance. Then, the event-triggered strategy is applied to the distributed formation control of multi-UAV systems, where the evaluation of the event condition is continuous. In addition, the exclusion of Zeno behavior can be guaranteed by the inter-event time between two successive trigger events have a positive lower bound. Next, a periodic event-triggered mechanism is developed for formation control based on the continuous event-triggered mechanism. The periodic trigger mechanism does not need additional hardware circuits and sophisticated sensors, which can reduce the control cost. The stability of the control system is proved by the Lyapunov function method. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.     

考虑通信延迟的卫星集群改进蜂拥控制

针对卫星集群的无碰撞协同运动问题,提出了一种改进的蜂拥控制策略。首先,结合Prim算法和广度优先算法设计了一种计算度、半径约束最小生成树的拓扑优化方法,并将优化结果作为星群的通信拓扑。该方法不仅能够节省每个卫星的通信资源,还能够减少星群网络的通信延迟。随后,为提高参考轨迹生成的快速性,采用基于傅里叶级数的形状曲线逼近法对主星参考轨迹进行规划。在此基础之上,提出了一种考虑通信延迟与碰撞规避的蜂拥控制策略,使星群能够在保证通信连通性的前提下沿参考轨迹运动到目标点附近,并且在运动过程中不发生碰撞。经过理论分析,利用Lyapunov Razumikhin定理证明了卫星集群系统能够达到渐近稳定。最后,通过数值仿真验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

考虑UAV性能约束的变速度自主避障算法研究

动态不确定环境下,为有效地提升UAV执行任务的安全性和可靠性,在UAV自主避障过程中考虑了自身的性能约束条件.在速度障碍圆弧法的基础上,考虑UAV的法向和纵向加速度约束范围,研究了速度障碍圆弧随速度矢量变化的规律,提出了一种考虑UAV性能约束的变速度自主避障算法.该算法在考虑自身性能约束条件下,为实现UAV对威胁障碍的避碰提供了更大的避碰裕度.最后,对考虑UAV性能约束的变速度自主避障算法进行了验证,仿真结果证明了算法的有效性和可行性.