Effect of solar activity on the repetitiveness of some meteorological phenomena

In this paper we research the relationship between solar activity and the weather on Earth. This research is based on the assumption that every ejection of magnetic field energy and particles from the Sun (also known as Solar wind) has direct effects on the Earth’s weather. The impact of coronal holes and active regions on cold air advection (cold fronts, precipitation, and temperature decrease on the surface and higher layers) in the Belgrade region (Serbia) was analyzed. Some active regions and coronal holes appear to be in a geo-effective position nearly every 27 days, which is the duration of a solar rotation. A similar period of repetitiveness (27–29 days) of the passage of the cold front, and maximum and minimum temperatures measured at surface and at levels of 850 and 500 hPa were detected. We found that 10–12 days after Solar wind velocity starts significantly increasing, we could expect the passage of a cold front. After eight days, the maximum temperatures in the Belgrade region are measured, and it was found that their minimum values appear after 12–16 days. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs 14 days after Solar wind is observed. A recurring period of nearly 27 days of different phases of development for hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma was found. This analysis confirmed that the intervals of time between two occurrences of some particular meteorological parameter correlate well with Solar wind and A index.     

折叠V形火焰稳定器原型的冷态与稳燃特性研究

为了获得折叠V形钝体这一新型火焰稳定器原型的冷、热态特性,采用风洞实验与混合雷诺平均/大涡模拟结合的方法对10组不同折叠角的折叠V形钝体火焰稳定器模型进行了冷态实验与热态数值模拟研究。其中冷态实验风速10~50m/s,来流雷诺数10000～80000,热态数值模拟工况为进气温度700K、来流速度50~150m/s,来流雷诺数20000～60000,当量比0.2~1。通过实验测得了不同折叠角折叠V形钝体总压恢复系数,通过数值模拟进一步获得了阻力系数、吹熄性能与燃烧效率,并获得了折叠V形钝体下游火焰时均轮廓。研究表明,折叠V形钝体总压恢复系数与阻力系数优于标准钝体,总压恢复系数随钝体折叠角减小而增大,阻力系数随折叠角减小而减小;折叠V形钝体抗吹熄能力与燃烧效率均优于标准V形钝体;折叠V形钝体的下游火焰扩散特性与标准V形钝体有显著差异。上述特性揭示了折叠V形钝体具备改善加力燃烧室性能的较大潜力,在实际应用中,还需对稳定器的空间排布做进一步研究与优化。     

液体姿轨控发动机贮箱自动增压仿人智能控制研究

为研究液体姿轨控发动机自动增压方法,在理论分析自动增压系统性能的基础上,搭建了以孔板为控制元件的自动增压实验系统,采用仿人智能控制策略,开展了基于冷流实验的自动增压性能实验,并通过发动机试验验证,实现了发动机贮箱良好的平稳性、快速性和准确性。研究表明,在增压系统结构和增压气体介质给定的情况下,孔板节流面积、孔板出入口压力比、贮箱初始气垫体积决定了自动增压系统性能;根据发动机试验的推进剂流量需求,分别按推进剂体积流量60%,30%,10%的比例选取3个不同节流面积的增压气体孔板组成并联进气孔板组,同时保证进气孔板组可提供的增压气体最大临界体积流量大于推进剂体积流量（推荐二者比值为1~2.5）、孔板出入口增压气体压力比近似等于临界压力比（对氮气约为0.50~0.60）、贮箱初始气垫体积大于贮箱总容积的1/4,并在贮箱上设置流量为增压气体最大临界体积流量105%的排气孔板,在发动机工作过程中按照仿人智能控制策略自动组配孔板,可有效地提高自动增压性能。     

Simulation-based evaluation of a cold atom interferometry gradiometer concept for gravity field recovery

The prospects of future satellite gravimetry missions to sustain a continuous and improved observation of the gravitational field have stimulated studies of new concepts of space inertial sensors with potentially improved precision and stability. This is in particular the case for cold-atom interferometry (CAI) gradiometry which is the object of this paper. The performance of a specific CAI gradiometer design is studied here in terms of quality of the recovered gravity field through a closed-loop numerical simulation of the measurement and processing workflow. First we show that mapping the time-variable field on a monthly basis would require a noise level below $5\text{mE}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. The mission scenarios are therefore focused on the static field, like GOCE. Second, the stringent requirement on the angular velocity of a one-arm gradiometer, which must not exceed ${10}^{-6}$?rad/s, leads to two possible modes of operation of the CAI gradiometer: the nadir and the quasi-inertial mode. In the nadir mode, which corresponds to the usual Earth-pointing satellite attitude, only the gradient $V_{\mathit{yy}}$, along the cross-track direction, is measured. In the quasi-inertial mode, the satellite attitude is approximately constant in the inertial reference frame and the 3 diagonal gradients $V_{\mathit{xx}}\text{,}{V}_{\mathit{yy}}$ and $V_{\mathit{zz}}$ are measured. Both modes are successively simulated for a 239?km altitude orbit and the error on the recovered gravity models eventually compared to GOCE solutions. We conclude that for the specific CAI gradiometer design assumed in this paper, only the quasi-inertial mode scenario would be able to significantly outperform GOCE results at the cost of technically challenging requirements on the orbit and attitude control.     

三组元喷嘴流量特性的试验研究

对气氢／液氧／煤油火箭发动机重要部件三组元喷嘴的四种类型进行了流量竺性试验;研究了喷嘴流量随各组元喷注压缩的变化规律;分析了喷嘴结构对流量系数的影响;比较了三组元工况和双组元工况下喷嘴的流量特性;测量了离心内混式喷嘴燃料内混腔中的压力并分析了该喷嘴的流量特性。     

基于冷态数值模拟的航空发动机燃烧室贫油熄火预测

在经典均匀搅拌反应器理论(Perfect Stirred Reactor)的基础上,对Lefebvre贫熄模型中的燃烧体积和燃烧空气量进行改进,建立起燃烧室冷态流场与热态贫熄性能的对应关系,进而达到从冷态流场预测热态贫熄性能的目的。采用商业软件Fluent对燃烧室的冷态速度场和燃料浓度场进行数值模拟,通过燃料的可燃边界定义出理论的可燃区体积(Vf)和进入可燃区的回流空气量(mr)两项关键参数组成燃烧负荷参数Vf.mr,并通过油量迭代逼近(Fuel Iterative Approximation)的方法达到对燃烧室贫熄边界的预测。通过与实验结果的对比表明:燃烧室的冷态流场与其热态贫熄性能是相互关联的,燃烧负荷参数与熄火油气比近似成线性关系;采用油量迭代逼近的方法对燃烧室的贫熄边界进行预测,预测精度控制在±8.4%。     

气氧旋流强度对气-气喷嘴燃烧特性的影响

为进一步深入研究气-气喷注器结构参数对气-气掺混燃烧特性的影响,采用常温气氢和气氧推进剂,对同轴直流和同轴旋流气-气单喷嘴进行了冷流和热试试验,获得了每种喷注器的流量系数、燃烧室压力和燃烧室壁温,并结合数值仿真研究了中心气氧旋流强度对推进剂掺混燃烧的影响.结果表明:同轴旋流式喷嘴拥有较小的流量系数;中心气氧旋流有利于提高推进剂的燃烧效率,但带来了较大的燃烧室和喷注面板热载.     

冷原子喷泉的改进与应用

论述了冷原子喷泉的改进与应用,评述了冷原子喷泉二十年发展的进步,展望了冷原子喷泉研究和发展的前景。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.