Static Frame Model Validation with Small Samples Solution Using Improved Kernel Density Estimation and Confidence Level Method

An improved method using kernel density estimation (KDE) and confidence level is presented for model validation with small samples. Decision making is a challenging problem because of input uncertainty and only small samples can be used due to the high costs of experimental measurements. However, model validation provides more confidence for decision makers when improving prediction accuracy at the same time. The confidence level method is introduced and the optimum sample variance is determined using a new method in kernel density estimation to increase the credibility of model validation. As a numerical example, the static frame model validation challenge problem presented by Sandia National Laboratories has been chosen. The optimum bandwidth is selected in kernel density estimation in order to build the probability model based on the calibration data. The model assessment is achieved using validation and accreditation experimental data respectively based on the probability model. Finally, the target structure prediction is performed using validated model, which are consistent with the results obtained by other researchers. The results demonstrate that the method using the improved confidence level and kernel density estimation is an effective approach to solve the model validation problem with small samples.     

基于角速度估计自适应的IMM目标跟踪算法

为了解决目标强机动时目标跟踪算法模型集不匹配的问题,提出了一种基于角速度估计的自适应交互式多模型算法。通过对角速度的估计,在目标的不同运动模式下选取最优模型集,角速度估计精度高时,通过角速度估计值构造模型集,减小模型间竞争;角速度估计精度低时,采用标准IMM算法的模型集,提高模型集的覆盖范围,从而提高跟踪精度。仿真结果表明该方法能够明显提升目标跟踪性能,对强机动目标的跟踪效果尤其显著。     

闭环气动参数辨识的两步方法

对于闭环控制飞行器动力学系统,如果输入输出数据中含有误差和噪声,将其直接用于辨识气动参数是有偏差的。针对这个问题,利用闭环控制飞行仿真数据,采用两步方法辨识飞行器的气动参数,并与直接开环辨识的结果及参数真值进行对比,表明两步方法辨识结果较直接开环辨识方法具有更高的精度,是一种有效的闭环气动参数辨识方法。     

聚焦变换在MIMO阵列方位估计中的应用

MIMO阵列是近年来信号处理领域提出的一种新体制阵列技术,可有效避免常规阵列中的相干源问题。为解决多载波造成的方位模糊,提出了一种基于聚焦变换的MIMO阵列目标方位估计方法。该方法将MIMO阵列接收信号分解为多个频率分量的信号,并通过聚焦算法将多个频率信号聚焦到同一信号子空间,然后对聚焦后的信号进行方位估计。仿真结果表明:与直接对MIMO阵列接收信号进行方位估计相比,该方法利用了MIMO阵列的回波不相干性和宽带信号能量,具有更好的分辨能力和更高的方位估计精度。     

Network based real-time precise point positioning

Network based real-time precise point positioning system includes two stages, i.e. real-time estimation of satellite clocks based on a reference network and real-time precise point positioning thereafter. In this paper, a satellite- and epoch-differenced approach, adopted from what is introduced by Han et al. (2001), is presented for the determination of satellite clocks and for the precise point positioning. One important refinement of our approach is the implementation of the robust clock estimation. A prototype software system is developed, and data from the European Reference Frame Permanent Network on September 19, 2009 is used to evaluate the approach. Results show that our approach is 3 times and 90 times faster than the epoch-difference approach and the zero-difference approach, respectively, which demonstrates a significant improvement in the computation efficiency. The RMS of the estimated clocks is at the level of 0.1 ns (3 cm) compared to the IGS final clocks. The clocks estimates are then applied to the precise point positioning in both kinematic and static mode. In static mode, the 2-h estimated coordinates have a mean accuracy of 3.08, 5.79, 6.32 cm in the North, East and Up directions. In kinematic mode, the mean kinematic coordinates accuracy is of 4.63, 5.82, 9.20 cm.     

转动惯量未知的非合作目标角速度估计方法研究

针对转动惯量未知的非合作目标的姿态角速度估计问题,将解算得到的非合作目标的惯性姿态作为测量信息,估计姿态角速度和姿态动力学参数（即转动惯量比）．首先,应用非线性控制系统的几何理论对待估计的状态扩展系统进行能观性分析．然后,利用UKF设计相应的滤波估计算法．仿真结果表明,本文所设计的方法能够精确估计出非合作目标的姿态角速度与转动惯量比．     

基于星历拟合的短弧运动学定轨

当导航卫星在姿轨控和轨道恢复期间,传统的统计定轨理论难以实现精密定轨。首次提出 了基于10参数星历拟合的短弧运动学定轨方法,建立和推导了相应的理论模型和定轨解算方 法。其优点在于不仅能够反映卫星运动的物理学特征,提高了速度和轨道预报精度,而且不 需要累积数据,实现近实时快速计算,克服了动力学法定轨发散和单点定位无法获得速度信 息的不足。对COMPASS M-01导航卫星实测数据的处理表明,10分钟短弧运动学定轨的位置精 度优于10 m,速度精度为2 cm／s,预报5分钟轨道精度为15.02 m,满足了短弧跟踪条件下R DSS对轨道精度的要求,实现了卫星精密定轨。
     

一种适用于大频偏和低信噪比条件的频率估计器研究

为了实现对大频偏和低信噪比条件下信号载波频率快速估计,在比较现有常用估计器基础上,提出一种改进频率估计方案,可以将估计器估计范围提高到数据速率的一半而噪声性能接近MCRB下界。通过仿真和硬件实现,验证了改进频率估计器对大频偏和低信噪比的适用性。
     

利用非GEO卫星进行地面站时间同步研究

根据地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星转发同步信号的双向时间比对法实现站间时间同步的基本原理,提出了利用拟合非GEO卫星转发信号的伪距实现时间同步的新方法。拟合伪距法消除了传播路径延迟和只能使用GEO卫星作为信号转发器的限制,扩大了双向时间比对的应用范围。仿真结果表明：该法有较高的精度,满足工程要求。     

基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计算法

提出了一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信号源DOA估计算法。首先对各个阵元的接收数据与参考阵元（第一个阵元）的接收数据的相关函数进行排列,形成Hermitian Toeplitz矩阵,然后通过奇异值分解可以得到信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而实现相干信源的DOA估计。该算法在不减少阵列有效孔径的情况下,增加了可估计相干信号源数目,并在低信噪比条件下能够得到较好的估计性能,计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。