基于强化学习的航空器机场智能静态路径规划

随着人工智能迅速发展以及“智慧机场”的提出,研究人工智能在机场如何有效地辅助机场管制人员,驾驶员指挥航空器在地面滑行具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于强化学习的滑行路径规划方法,构建航空器机场地面强化学习移动模型,并以海口美兰机场为案例采用 Python 内置工具包 Tkinter 进行场面仿真;在此基础上,考虑机场航空器滑行规则,采用 Off-Policy 中 Q-Learning 算法求解贝尔曼方程,实现航空器在 Model-based 环境中进行静态路径规划。结果表明：本文所提方法能够实现停机位到跑道出口智能静态路径规划     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum subjected to simulated lightning strikes

Aircrafts damages caused by lightning strikes have been known since the early days of aviation. However, the physical effects on the aircraft structure are still being investigated. This work seeks to evaluate the lightning strike effects in the aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Samples were submitted to lightning strike simulation in laboratory and the damages evaluated through characterization techniques. Ultrasound and profilometry tests have shown material loss to 0.272 mm depth in the damaged region. In addition, it was detected the material accumulation occurrence in the damage vicinity of the region. Below the damage, it was found a region where metallurgical changes were identified. The tensile and microhardness tests results have shown reduction in the percentage elongation and hardness increasing in the material affected by lightning. These results are corroborated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld Method (red line) that indicated an increasing in dislocation density and micro-deformation in the material matrix. Optical microscopy results have shown the presence of microcracks on the normal and cross-section surface of the samples damaged. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction Test (EBSD) found coarse intermetallic phases and precipitates compounds with dimensions greater than 1 μm in length. They were responsible for nucleation of the microcracks that propagate along the material grain boundaries.     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

Effect of scavenge port angles on flow distribution and performance of swirl-loop scavenging in 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine

Swirl-Loop Scavenging (SLS) improves the performance of 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine because the involved swirl may not only benefit the scavenging process, but also facilitate the fuel atomization and combustion. The arrangement of scavenge port angles greatly influences in-cylinder flow distribution and swirl intensity, as well as the performance of the SLS engine. However, the mechanism of the effect and visualization experiment are rarely mentioned in the literature. To further investigate the SLS, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation are adopted to obtain its swirl distribution characteristics, and the effect of port angles on scavenging performance is discussed based on engine fired cycle simulation. The results illustrate that Reynolds Stress Turbulence model is accurate enough for in-cylinder flow simulation. Tangential and axial velocity distribution of the flow, as well as the scavenging performance, are mainly determined by geometric scavenge port angles α_geom and β_geom. For reinforcement of scavenging on cross-sections and meridian planes, α_geom value of 27° and β_geom value of 60° are preferred, under which the scavenging efficiency reaches as high as 73.7%. Excessive swirl intensity has a negative effect on SLS performance, which should be controlled to a proper extent.     

利用飞机观测报告提高空中颠簸临近预报预警能力

空中颠簸是民航飞行安全较难防范的安全隐患。观测是预报的基础,目前困扰空中颠簸预报的最大瓶颈是缺乏有效的空中颠簸观测手段,利用飞机观测报告有助于提高空中颠簸的预警预报能力。     

商用喷气式飞机DMC分析模型应用研究

首先对影响民机维修成本的要素进行了讨论,并给出一些飞机维修成本数据。然后归纳总结了欧美多种飞机维修成本计算方法。最后,通过算例进行比较分析,确定出一种符合国内市场情况的DMC计算方法用于型号初步设计,工程实践表明该方法符合中国市场情况,并给出未来的研究方向。     

民用客机增升装置气动噪声研究进展

随着民用飞机数量的快速增加,航空噪声问题日益引起世界范围的关注。增升装置作为重要的机体噪声源之一以其流动复杂性和声源多样性成为民用航空气动声学的难点之一,欧美各国为此开展了大量的研究。总结了增升装置气动噪声的产生机理以及控制措施的研究现状,在此基础上还特别关注了目前工业部门气动与声学的设计思想及需求。     

飞机颠簸及其飞行处置

目的研究导致飞机颠簸的天气形势和环境条件;方法通过对颠簸区中的飞行气象条件、影响颠簸的几个主要因素、颠簸对飞行的影响以及在颠簸区中飞行时飞行员应采取的一些措施做了简要介绍,分析飞机颠簸预报指数和指标;结果揭示产生飞机颠簸的气象条件;结论增强飞机气象保障能力,以保障飞行安全。     

NASA大型民用倾转旋翼机进展研究

倾转旋翼机是一种结合固定翼飞机和旋翼飞机双重优势的新型飞机,它具有速度快、油耗低、垂直起降等特点。在波音和贝尔公司联合研制的军用倾转旋翼机取得成功后,NASA试图在相关技术的基础上研制出一种90座、航程约为1200nmile、速度约为600km/h的新型先进民用倾转旋翼支线飞机,进而取代现役固定翼支线飞机。通过系统地搜集和科学地分析,明晰了NASA大型民用倾转旋翼机项目的内容、进展、风险和影响并对ARJ21支线项目提出早期预警。     

民用飞机线缆防火性能适航验证研究

电线电缆作为飞机上重要的材料,其防火阻燃性能的品质影响飞机的安全性。分析适航规章 CCAR-25-R4 在线缆防火性能方面的要求,总结当前国内外航空用标准/规范在电线电缆防火性能方面的规定;针对电线电缆防火性能的适航问题进行研究,给出适航工作的验证思路。对于飞机上使用的线缆,采用国外先进企业内部标准制定线缆的性能指标,能够降低适航验证风险,为线缆的选取和使用提供参考。