飞机锁类机构性能退化可靠性分析方法综述

随着航空航天装备的快速发展,对飞行器装备的可靠性要求逐渐提高,飞机锁类机构的可靠性对飞机起降的安全至关重要。以飞机舱门锁机构为研究对象,首先通过文献调研了大量舱门锁机构并分析了锁机构的特点和失效模式,阐述了锁机构的工作原理。其次综述了锁机构失效机理建模、机构渐变损伤的研究现状以及目前存在的问题,分析了国内外有关锁机构可靠性的研究现状;并针对多连杆机构可靠性分析和锁机构可靠性分析进行了分类梳理。最后对锁机构的可靠性分析研究思路进行总结,并对目前复杂锁机构的可靠性分析存在的问题及其研究趋势进行了展望。     

Visual inspection of aircraft skin: Automated pixel-level defect detection by instance segmentation

Skin defect inspection is one of the most significant tasks in the conventional process of aircraft inspection. This paper proposes a vision-based method of pixel-level defect detection, which is based on the Mask Scoring R-CNN. First, an attention mechanism and a feature fusion module are introduced, to improve feature representation. Second, a new classifier head—consisting of four convolutional layers and a fully connected layer—is proposed, to reduce the influence of information around the area of the defect. Third, to evaluate the proposed method, a dataset of aircraft skin defects was constructed, containing 276 images with a resolution of 960 × 720 pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed classifier head improves the detection and segmentation accuracy, for aircraft skin defect inspection, more effectively than the attention mechanism and feature fusion module. Compared with the Mask R-CNN and Mask Scoring R-CNN, the proposed method increased the segmentation precision by approximately 21% and 19.59%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the other two methods of pixel-level aircraft skin defect detection.     

航空发动机设计中采用CAD技术的研究

为了进一步加强ＣＡＤ（ＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＡｉｄｅｄＤｅｓｉｇｎ）技术在航空发动机设计领域的应用,主要介绍ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ图形软件的辅助绘图、三维建模的功能及在航空发动机领域的一些应用。目的是在航空发动机设计领域推广及运用ＣＡＤ技术改善发动机的设计方法。     

航空发动机轴承腔热状态分析模型及温度场计算

分析了轴承腔的主要热源。建立了轴承及石墨密封摩擦热的计算模型、密封热泄漏量的计算模型、对流换热系数的计算模型及温度场的计算模型。用热网络法建立了轴承腔的热平衡方程组,并采用拟牛顿法求解了该方程组。获得了10种不同工况下的温度场计算结果,该结果与本文的测试结果基本吻合。      

发烟机动力装置的试验研究

简要介绍了发烟机及其动力装置,研究并改进了ＷＱＪ－１型小型航空发动机,使之成为满足发烟要求的动力装置。确定了该发动机在新状态下的参数及结构,进行了发烟机的雾油发烟实验,得到了雾油发烟对发动机的影响及影响程度。实验结果表明：将ＷＱＪ－１型小发动机改为发烟机动力装置是可行的。对发烟机的型号研制和扩展小型航空发动机的使用范围有积极促进作用。     

航空发动机数据库关键问题的研究

成功建立数据库的关键是根据数据模型分析,研究结果进行数据库逻辑结构的设计。经过分析和研究,采用关系数据理论,使航空发动机、数据库具有合理的逻辑结构。     

歼击机发动机设计载荷剖面的相似转换法

本文提出了获得歼击机发动机载荷剖面的相似转换法。通过应用飞行力学基本方法,以推力作为转换的核心,可以由一种实测的基准机剖面得到其它类似机型的剖面。本文提出的方法在实际工程中已得到应用。      

民用飞机舱门飞行锁机构接触力计算分析

研究飞机飞行锁机构中的接触力对于民用飞机飞行锁机构的设计具有重要意义。首先介绍飞行锁机构的功能和主要设计依据,阐明某民用飞机飞行锁机构的工作原理,并对其传力路径进行分析;然后采用工程算法、多刚体模型和多柔体模型三种计算方法计算飞行锁工作时曲柄与飞行锁摇臂之间的接触力;最后对三种计算方法进行对比,分析不同方法计算得到的接触力力值产生差异的原因。结果表明:多刚体模型计算值与工程算法计算值产生差异的主要原因是机构空行程导致的力臂变化,多柔体模型计算值与多刚体模型计算值产生差异的原因主要是受力过程中的结构变形。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.