基于高效数值方法的一种高超声速飞行器外形气动力/热综合优化设计研究

基于所发展的高效气动力/热快速预测方法,建立了适用于高超声速飞行器的综合考虑气动力与气动热特性的外形优化设计技术,并在一种高超声速飞行器外形设计中应用,通过优化设计改变了初始外形纵向静不稳定特性,优化后外形实现了纵向静稳定、大攻角自配平和非驻点表面最大热流下降的设计目标。所发展的方法为适应气动外形快速选型设计需求提供了有效的途径。     

有翼再入飞行器气动外形集成设计优化

气动外形设计是有翼再入飞行器（RV-W）的关键技术之一。分析了气动参数对再入飞行性能的影响,探讨了有翼再入飞行器气动外形设计的规律和准则。基于上述设计准则,以类X-37B飞行器为研究对象,集成几何参数化建模、气动力、气动热、热防护等学科快速分析方法,采用多学科设计优化方法,以最优气动特性为目标对飞行器气动外形进行了优化;得到优化气动外形后,对飞行器热防护系统（TPS）进行了轻量化设计优化。结果表明,优化外形的气动特性相比初始外形得到了较大的提升,设计优化得到的热防护系统重量占比（8.7%）优于同类飞行器的热防护系统重量占比统计数据,说明了本文有翼再入飞行器气动外形集成设计优化方法的有效性,可为同类飞行器提供参考。     

基于伴随方法的单级低速压气机气动设计优化

采用梯度方法对某型4.5级压气机最后级进行气动设计优化研究,梯度由连续伴随方法计算确定,多排伴随方程采用伴随掺混面模型进行数值求解。首先,采用基于经验修正的初步设计方法设计带进口导叶的4.5级低速、低压缩比压气机的原始气动外形。之后,在压气机近失速工况对最后级静子叶片进行伴随气动设计优化,通过优化叶型和安装角降低流动损失,目标函数定义为加权求和形式的熵增和流量偏差,优化中对流量进行约束。最后,开展基于伴随方法的多工况气动设计优化研究,改善两个不同转速条件下最后级的气动性能。优化结果表明,基于伴随方法的多排气动设计优化可以通过改变叶片气动外形提升多排全工况气动性能。     

基于流形结构重建的多目标气动优化算法

在多目标优化中,Pareto解集是一个分段连续的k维流形,这一规律被传统进化算法所忽略。本文提出了一种基于流形结构重建的多目标优化算法,首先利用流形结构重建方法完成解集分布从目标空间到设计空间的映射,建立解集的概率分布,并在目标空间中扩展流形结构,从而借助解集在目标空间的推进来指导优化算法的快速演化。数值算例表明本文算法对于具有不同特征的Pareto前沿具有很好的适应性,能够极大提高算法的收敛效率。多目标气动优化算例验证,本文算法相比于常规多目标进化算法能够减少约80%的计算量,极大程度缩短了气动设计的周期。     

基于模型的装备维修性设计控制技术

伴随数字化设计方法日趋成熟,飞机装备维修性设计面临如何与三维数字化设计环境下功能性能设计同步的难题。对比分析了数字化环境维修性设计与传统维修性设计的主要差别,提出了基于飞机装备数字化设计环境维修性设计流程,研究了维修性设计参数的表达模型以及维修性参数信息在三维设计数字环境中的转化、集成与利用方式。基于图论和网络节点框图,提出了一种以节点网络图、单节点维修时间模型、维修过程时间模型为表征的飞机装备维修性设计与控制方法。经实例验证,提出的这套基于数字模型的维修性设计技术,对装备在数字化设计环境下同步开展维修性设计具有一定的工程指导价值。     

基于代理模型全局优化的自适应参数化方法

对于翼型气动隐身设计问题,设计变量的配置对设计结果影响很大,而简单地增加设计变量不能保证得到理想的结果。提出一种适用于代理模型全局优化的自适应参数化方法：利用全局敏感性分析方法——基本效应法,得到设计空间关于目标函数的敏感区域信息,并以此为根据增加设计变量;利用节点插入算法将低维样本在高维空间内进行重构,避免了重新取样的工作量。相对于传统固定设计空间维度方法,自适应参数化方法在设计空间的敏感区域扩展维度,能够更加精准地描述外形并反映目标的变化趋势。通过飞翼布局翼型的气动隐身优化算例,证实自适应参数化方法可以大幅提高优化设计质量和效率。     

Multiscale topology optimization using feature-driven method

This paper presents a multiscale design method for simultaneous topology optimization of both macrostructures and microstructures. Geometric features are extended as design primitives at both macro and micro scales and represented by Level Set Functions (LSFs). Parameters related to the locations, sizes, and orientations of macro and micro features are considered as design variables and optimized simultaneously. In the overlapping areas of different macro features, embedded microstructures are optimally figured out as the solution of the corresponding sub-optimization problem. In this study, the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is implemented for structural and sensitivity analyses with respect to design variables. This method has the advantage of using a fixed grid independent of the topology optimization process. The homogenization procedure is applied to calculate the effective properties of considered microstructures in each macro feature. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results depict that the multiscale design cannot obviously improve structural stiffness compared with a solid-material design under the linear elastic condition.     

An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines, as well as for carrying out market research, to establish target markets, and for aircraft and crew rostering. In addition, optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs. The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network, composed of three types of airplanes (network and vehicle integrated design). The network profit is maximized. The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model. An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations. The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm. A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted. An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.     

Application of a PCA-DBN-based surrogate model to robust aerodynamic design optimization

An efficient method employing a Principal Component Analysis(PCA)-Deep Belief Network(DBN)-based surrogate model is developed for robust aerodynamic design optimization in this study. In order to reduce the number of design variables for aerodynamic optimizations, the PCA technique is implemented to the geometric parameters obtained by parameterization method.For the purpose of predicting aerodynamic parameters, the DBN model is established with the reduced design variables as input and the aero...     

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.