目标导向的课程质量评估方法及系统实现

根据国际工程教育评估组织 ABET 将评价重点放在学生“学到了什么”的精神,本文提出了依据学生在各种场合表现出的实际能力来评价一门课程的教学质量的“以目标为导向”的方法,并实现了课程评价信息系统。该方法的评价逻辑是：从学生学到的能力评价课程目标达成度,从课程目标达成度评价专业培养水平。该方法的优点是,不需要增加额外的测试,即可以定量评价课程质量,并促使教师主动改善课程设计。     

自适应预测补偿的迭代制导方法及其应用研究

针对迭代制导完成后入轨参数或终端程序角修正问题,研究一种基于模型参考的自适应预测补偿迭代制导算法在运载火箭上的应用。该算法在经典迭代制导算法的基础上,根据预测的迭代终端程序角和飞行视加速度的参考模型,对关机点参数进行补偿,依据补偿后的终端指标重新规划飞行轨迹,进而得出满足入轨参数或终端程序角偏差修正的制导指令,提升迭代制导对入轨参数偏差或终端程序角的修正能力。此外,阐述了经典迭代制导的基本算法,概括了自适应预测补偿迭代制导算法的基本原理,并以大推力直接入轨、终端程序角大偏差以及满足终端程序角约束为例,给出相应工况的自适应预测补偿的迭代制导算法。仿真结果表明：该算法对入轨参数和终端程序角偏差具有一定的修正能力。     

基于项目集识别过程的航空领域重大基础研究项目发现

航空领域专项计划的实施需要发现大量重大基础研究项目进行支撑,而目前航空科研管理部门在项目发现过程中以被动管理为主,未能充分发挥其作用。通过分析自上而下航空领域重大基础研究项目内涵及现状基础上,借鉴项目集识别过程及其项目识别特点,构建自上而下的航空领域重大基础研究项目发现过程及机制,分析重大基础研究项目发现所涉及的航空领域专项计划主管部门、航空科研管理部门以及科研人员间的相互关系和功能,并结合某航空科研管理部门进行实例应用。表明基于项目集识别过程梳理和完善了航空领域重大基础研究项目发现过程及机制,强化了航空科研管理部门作用,提升了项目发现有效性。     

Locally generalised multi-agent reinforcement learning for demand and capacity balancing with customised neural networks

Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques are being studied to solve the Demand and Capacity Balancing (DCB) problems to fully exploit their computational performance. A locally generalised Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) for real-world DCB problems is proposed. The proposed method can deploy trained agents directly to unseen scenarios in a specific Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) region to quickly obtain a satisfactory solution. In this method, agents of all flights in a scenario form a multi-agent decision-making system based on partial observation. The trained agent with the customised neural network can be deployed directly on the corresponding flight, allowing it to solve the DCB problem jointly. A cooperation coefficient is introduced in the reward function, which is used to adjust the agent’s cooperation preference in a multi-agent system, thereby controlling the distribution of flight delay time allocation. A multi-iteration mechanism is designed for the DCB decision-making framework to deal with problems arising from non-stationarity in MARL and to ensure that all hotspots are eliminated. Experiments based on large-scale high-complexity real-world scenarios are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the method. From a statistical point of view, it is proven that the proposed method is generalised within the scope of the flights and sectors of interest, and its optimisation performance outperforms the standard computer-assisted slot allocation and state-of-the-art RL-based DCB methods. The sensitivity analysis preliminarily reveals the effect of the cooperation coefficient on delay time allocation.     

数字卫星电视授时方法及其研究进展

为丰富和完善国家时间频率体系建设,提高现有定位导航与授时(PNT)体系的服务能力,中国科学院国家授时中心开展了基于数字卫星电视信号的授时方法研究,并搭建了一套数字卫星电视授时系统,实际测试结果表明其定时精度优于50ns(均方根).首先综述了数字卫星电视授时方法中的理论框架及其若干关键技术问题,然后介绍了在提高授时精度方面的研究进展,最后指出了数字卫星电视授时方法的应用场景和由此方法衍生出的电视卫星测定轨、目标定位等应用前景,并展望了未来的研究方向.     

Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

军用飞机维修大纲修订流程研究

本文首先论述了维修大纲修订的必要性和实际状况,接着介绍了B777、Y8和某型军机的维修大纲修订情况,以及波音的维修大纲修订实施程序,最后重点阐述了如何从实际情况出发,并借鉴波音的经验,建立一套适用于我国军用飞机维修大纲修订工作的实施流程,以有效地指导该项工作,提高军用飞机的可用度,降低维修成本。