电弧喷射推力器化学非平衡数值模拟

为了准确把握电弧喷射推力器工作过程物理机理与特征,采用化学非平衡模型对不同压缩室直径下低功率氮电弧喷射推力器工作情况进行了数值模拟。模型考虑了工作过程中的分解反应、电离反应和复合反应,化学动力学模型为4组分,4反应的有限速率化学反应模型。采用二阶精度NND格式数值求解耦合电磁源项和化学反应源项的N S方程组,采用有限控制容积积分方法求解由麦克斯韦方程组推导出的电磁场方程。数值模拟的结果揭示了推力器内部电弧能量输入作用和高温电离气体的离解电离状况,给出了不同压缩室直径下推力器的推力、比冲和推进效率。结果分析表明,压缩室直径对推力器性能具有较大影响。     

PIP 工艺对2D C/ SiC-ZrB2 复合材料结构和力学性能的影响

采用CVI结合SI及PIP工艺制备2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料.研究了PIP工艺中循环浸渍次数及热处理对复合材料结构和力学性能的影响.比较了多孔C/SiC浸渍浆料后用PIP结合CVI致密化和仅用CVI致密化的效果.结果表明:浸渍裂解后,热处理温度相同,热处理次数对复合材料的开孔率和弯曲强度影响不大.2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的弯曲强度不随PIP次数的增多而增加,PIP处理二次后,复合材料的强度逐渐增加,PIP处理五次,强度达到最大值,制备的复合材料开孔率为8.0%、弯曲强度为423 MPa.SI后用PIP结合CVI致密化比仅用CVI致密化效果好.     

M40J和T300碳纤维的微结构

利用SEM、TEM、XPS、XRD、Raman和元素分析仪分析了M40J和T300的表面化学、物理及微观结构特征.研究发现:M40J含碳量高于T300纤维,而含氮量低于T300纤维,且表面活性基团比T300纤维低;M40J和T300碳纤维表面具有大量沟槽,前者相对长而浅,后者相对短而深;T300纤维端面皮芯结构明显,而M40J端面结构较均匀;M40J的微晶结构及取向性优于T300碳纤维.     

水冲压发动机热力计算

简述了水冲压发动机化学平衡与非化学平衡热力计算方法及相应的适用条件,计算了试验发动机补燃室温度,并与试验数据进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,该热力计算方法适用于水冲压发动机。用热力计算方法可确定水冲压发动机最佳水燃比,进而指导水冲压发动机的设计和试验。     

场协同原理在高超声速化学非平衡流动中的推广

应用理论分析与数值模拟方法,将对流传热的场协同原理从不可压缩流动推广至高超声速化学非平衡流动中。结果表明,高超声速化学非平衡层流与湍流的热流密度取决于流动的当地单位体积的动量与单位质量总焓梯度的协同。用当地单位体积的动量与单位质量总焓梯度的协同研究高超声速化学非平衡流动的壁面传热问题,对层流流动下的对流传热,不但计及了高超声速化学非平衡流的密度变化对热流密度的影响,而且包括了静焓梯度、压力梯度、边界层内的分子黏性剪切效应对热流密度的作用;对湍流问题,除了上述层流流动各项对热流密度的影响外,还计及了雷诺剪切应力对热流密度的作用。考虑到高超声速化学非平衡流静焓的定义,高超声速化学非平衡层流及湍流的场协同同时计及所有组分的平动能、转动能、振动能及电子能等梯度的贡献。     

Development process of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile

Numerical investigations on the launch process of a gun-launched missile from the muzzle of a cannon to the free-flight stage have been performed in this paper. The dynamic overlapped grids approach are applied to dealing with the problems of a moving gun-launched missile. The high-resolution upwind scheme(AUSMPW+) and the detailed reaction kinetics model are adopted to solve the chemical non-equilibrium Euler equations for dynamic grids. The development process and flow field structure of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile are discussed in detail.This present numerical study confirms that complicated transient phenomena exist in the shortly launching stages when the gun-launched missile moves from the muzzle of a cannon to the freeflight stage. The propellant gas flows, the initial environmental ambient air flows and the moving missile mutually couple and interact. A complete structure of flow field is formed at the launching stages, including the blast wave, base shock, reflected shock, incident shock, shear layer, primary vortex ring and triple point.     

现代民机新型灭火剂性能研究

对新型灭火剂研究背景和种类进行了简要介绍,对具有开发潜力的新型灭火剂的理化性能、毒性、腐蚀性、灭火性能、环保性能进行深入分析与研究。通过对新型灭火剂性能的研究,得出每种灭火剂的优缺点,筛选出适用于现代民机灭火系统的灭火剂。     

The ‘soot line’: Destruction of presolar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the terrestrial planet-forming region of disks

Interstellar material is highly processed when subjected to the physical conditions that prevail in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, the potential birthplace of habitable planets. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant in the interstellar medium, and they have also been observed in the disks around young stars, with evidence for some modification in the latter. Using a chemical model developed for sooting flames, we have investigated the chemical evolution of PAHs in warm (1000–2000 K) and oxygen-rich (C/O < 1) conditions appropriate for the region where habitable planets may eventually form. Our study focuses on (1) delineating the conditions under which PAHs will react and (2) identifying the key reaction pathways and reaction products characterizing this chemical evolution. We find that reactions with H, OH and O are the main pathways for destroying PAHs over disk timescale at temperatures greater than about 1000 K. In the process, high abundances of C₂H₂ persist over long timescales due to the kinetic inhibition of reactions that eventually drive the carbon into CO, CO₂ and CH₄. The thermal destruction of PAHs may thus be the cause of the abundant C₂H₂ that has been observed in disks. We propose that protoplanetary disks have a ‘soot line’, within which PAHs are irreversibly destroyed via thermally-driven reactions. The soot line will play an important role, analogous to that of the ‘snow line’, in the bulk carbon content of meteorites and habitable planets.     

赴美国、加拿大考察报告

介绍了赴美国国家标准与技术研究院。加拿大国家研究院等单位对化学计量进行考察的情况，浅谈了几点体会。     

Simulation and analysis of chemical release in the ionosphere

Ionospheric inhomogeneous plasma produced by single point chemical release has simple space-time structure, and cannot impact radio wave frequencies higher than Very High Frequency (VHF) band. In order to produce more complicated ionospheric plasma perturbation structure and trigger instabilities phenomena, multiple-point chemical release scheme is presented in this paper. The effects of chemical release on low latitude ionospheric plasma are estimated by linear instability growth rate theory that high growth rate represents high irregularities, ionospheric scintillation occurrence probability and high scintillation intension in scintillation duration. The amplitude scintillations and the phase scintillations of 150?MHz, 400?MHz, and 1000?MHz are calculated based on the theory of multiple phase screen (MPS), when they propagate through the disturbed area.