High-temperature gas effects on aerodynamic characteristics of waverider

This paper focuses on the analysis of high-temperature effect on a conical waverider and it is a typical configuration of near space vehicles. Two different gas models are used in the numerical simulations, namely the thermochemical non-equilibrium and perfect gas models. The non-equilibrium flow simulations are conducted with the usage of the parallel non-equilibrium program developed by the authors while the perfect gas flow simulations are carried out with the commercial software Fluent. The non-equilibrium code is validated with experimental results and grid sensitivity analysis is performed as well. Then, numerical simulations of the flow around the conical waverider with the two gas models are conducted. In the results, differences in the flow structures as well as aerodynamic performances of the conical waverider are compared. It is found that the thermochemical non-equilibrium effect is significant mainly near the windward boundary layer at the tail of the waverider, and the non-equilibrium influence makes the pressure center move forward to about 0.57% of the whole craft’s length at the altitude of 60 km.     

Numerical simulations of high enthalpy flows around entry bodies

Ablation flows around entry bodies are at highly nonequilibrium states. This paper presents comprehensive computational fluid dynamics simulations of such hypersonic flow examples.The computational scheme adopted in this study is based on the Navier–Stokes equations, and it is capable of simulating multiple-dimensional, non-equilibrium, chemically reacting gas flows with multiple species. Finite rate chemical reactions, multiple temperature relaxation processes, and ionizations phenomena with electrons are modeled. Simulation results of several hypersonic gas flows over axisymmetric bodies are presented and compared with results in the literature. It confirms that some past treatment of adopting less species for hypersonic flows is acceptable, and the differences from more species and more chemical reactions are not significant.     

钝体标模高焓风洞试验和飞行试验相关性的数值分析

在高焓风洞喷管膨胀流动中,会出现组分和振动能量的非平衡冻结现象,给试验数据的分析、外推和使用带来困难。笔者选择有飞行试验数据的钝锥体ELECTRE作为高焓风洞试验的标模,用热化学非平衡Navier Stokes软件,计算了飞行条件和相应的考虑组分和振动能量的非平衡冻结效应试验条件的模型绕流流场,用双尺度参数ρL和Stanton数,分析试验条件下的热流数据外推飞行条件的问题。研究结果说明:在模型头部区域,保持总焓和双尺度参数ρL不变,热流数据从试验条件外推到飞行条件是可行的;在模型尾部区域,试验条件和飞行条件的Stanton数有较大差别,用双尺度参数ρL把热流数据从试验条件外推到飞行条件有较大误差。最后提出了用CFD设计高焓风洞试验条件的思路,并识别真实气体效应显著改变热流分布的高焓风洞试验能力区域。     

航空发动机构件先进热处理技术

热处理技术是发动机制造领域的基础、共性技术,是构件获得服役性能的关键因素.结合近些年的研究和实践,综述了先进热处理技术的发展现状,对真空热处理、化学热处理、特种热处理技术在叶片、涡轮盘、齿轮、轴承、转子等关键构件制造中的应用进行重点讨论,并对未来我国航空发动机热处理技术的研究工作进行了展望.     

ZGCr17Ni4Cu3钢的工艺特性及性能研究

本文对ZGCr17Ni4Cu3铸造不锈钢的化学成分和熔炼、铸造、热处理和焊接工艺进行了探讨。对其显微结构和机械性能进行了分析。用该钢生产的发动机零件经受了长期考验,证明该钢的生产工艺是成功的。     

提高火药燃气驱动冲击式涡轮效率的途径探讨

探讨了以火药燃气作为工质的运载火箭中所用的冲击式涡轮效率提高的途径。给出了具有小反力度冲击式涡轮效率的计算方法和火药燃气中含有微粒流时冲式涡轮效率的迭代计算方法。对四种情况下计算结果进行了对比分析，计算结果与试验结果符合良好。     

SiO2气凝胶骨架增强改性研究进展

分析SiO_2气凝胶骨架增强改性的特点,阐述了共前驱体、化学添加剂、老化、表面改性和热处理工艺在SiO_2气凝胶骨架增强方面的国内外研究动态和未来发展趋势,以期为设计并优化SiO_2气凝胶的微结构及性能提供理论依据和方法。     

碳布缝合预制体孔隙与热解碳沉积时变相依的多尺度研究

以甲烷为前驱体,碳布缝合织物为预制体,采用等温化学气相渗透(ICVI)工艺,在1 368 K温度和1 s滞留时间下制备了C/C复合材料。采用压汞仪表征不同致密化时间下预制体的孔隙分布,采用偏光显微镜观察热解碳的结构。结果表明:预制体的孔隙分布呈现多峰分布,热解碳的沉积速率与[A/V]值成反比,热解碳的结构与预制体的比表面积相关,沉积初期比表面积较大时,得到的热解碳织构为各相同性和低织构热解碳,随着沉积的进行,比表面积逐渐减小,在纤维束的边沿等部位出现了高织构热解碳。     

Study of the seasonal ozone variations at European high latitudes

The geographic area at high latitudes beyond the polar circle is characterized with long darkness during the winter (polar night) and with a long summertime insolation (polar day). Consequentially, the polar vortex is formed and the surrounding strong polar jet is characterized by a strong potential vorticity gradient representing a horizontal transport barrier. The ozone dynamics of the lower and middle stratosphere is controlled both by chemical destruction processes and transport processes.     

宁强碳质球粒陨石基质及暗色边化学成份研究

采用仪器中子活化方法分析了宁强碳质球粒陨石基质及暗色边化学成份。结果表明,宁强陨石的基质比全岩富集轻稀土和亲硫元素,并大致具有与Allende陨石基质相似的稀土特征。暗色边与陨石基质的差别在于:前者富FeO而贫难熔元素。推测陨石基质与暗色边物质来源于太阳星云不同区域。与形成暗色边有关的突发性事件可能曾多次在太阳星云的不同区域中发生。