镁合金表面保护膜的研究

介绍了镁合金表面形成保护膜的化学转化、阳极氧化、微弧氧化、电镀和化学镀这些表面处理方法的研究情况。通过对这些方法中化学处理溶液的性质、工艺特点以及膜层性能进行分析，指出了各方法存在的问题以及今后研究的方向。     

旋转爆震波发动机二维数值模拟

采用一种改进的化学非平衡流解耦方法对Euler反应流方程解耦处理,对流项采用五阶WENO格式离散,化学反应源项的刚性采用简化的隐式方法处理,时间步进采用二阶精度的Runge-Kutta方法,对H2/Air预混气旋转爆震发动机内流场进行了二维数值模拟。模拟结果给出了不同发动机尺寸条件下的详细起爆过程,结果表明当发动机尺寸小于临界直径时无法成功起爆;详细分析了流场结构和爆震波形状,旋转爆震波的传播速度与理论预测值吻合;性能分析结果表明在喷注总压低于燃烧室平均压力时仍可实现推进剂喷注,没装尾喷管的情况下发动机比冲达到176.5s。     

热处理状态对LD10 铝合金化铣表面质量的影响

为了解决运载火箭结构中口盖零件化铣后表面质量较差的问题,对LD10 铝合金板材的化铣加

工进行了试验研究。采取同批次、相同变形量、不同热处理状态(淬火+人工时效、淬火+过时效)的零件在相同

的化铣工艺参数下进行试验,并对零件的化学成分、金相组织进行了分析。理论研究及试验结果表明:LD10 铝

合金的化铣表面质量与加工前热处理状态有关,退火状态及淬火+人工时效状态的零件化铣后表面质量较好,

在不影响力学性能的前提下,可采用过时效处理提高化铣表面质量。

     

高超声速钝体尾流光电特性的计算

本文提出了一个高超声速非烧蚀钝体尾流全流场的简化模型和简化的空气化学模型。该模型用于化学非平衡尾流积分电子密度与NO_2化学发光辐射等参数的计算。对于NO_2化学发光辐射既求得了整个频谱范围内的总辐射,也求得了分谱辐射强度。计算结果与弹道靶测量数据进行了比较,它们之间的一致性良好。     

C/H/O/N/B体系气相燃烧化学动力学模型及计算研究

为了更加深入地研究硼粒子的点火和燃烧机理,在Pasternkck和Zhou的模型的基础上,通过补充基元反应和修正基元反应的动力学参数,建立起了新的C/H/O/N/B体系气相燃烧动力学模型,该模型包含31种组分,190个正反基元反应。采用新的模型对贫氧体系气相燃烧过程进行计算,并改变体系的初始温度及压强,研究其对平衡温度和硼的氧化物平衡摩尔分数的影响。计算结果表明:(1)体系平衡后硼元素主要以硼的氧化物形式存在,其中BO和BO₂的摩尔分数随反应时间的增加先升高后降低,B₂O₃的摩尔分数随着反应时间的增加而不断升高。(2)提高初始温度和压强不但能使体系的平衡温度提高,而且能缩短体系达到平衡的时间。(3)提高初始温度会使B₂O₃更多地解离为BO和BO₂,不利于硼燃料能量的完全释放,但提高压强会抵制B₂O₃的解离,从而会在一定程度上提高硼燃料的能量释放。      

电热解法快速致密C/C复合材料研究

该工艺以液烃为前驱体,多孔碳坯浸在液烃中一次完成致密化。沉积温度为800℃～950℃时,坯多经2h～3h致密,其密度达1.62g/cm^3～1.74g/cm^3。以环已烷为前驱体制备的C/C试样具有良好的耐摩擦性能,动摩擦系数为0.2～0.4,静摩擦系数为0.25,每次刹车磨耗的0.89um,满足高性能刹车材料的要求。此外,该工艺所需设备结构简单,工作尺寸放大不受技术性限制,是一种很有开发价值的低成本、快速致密C/C材料的方法。     

Standing window of oblique detonation with pathological behaviour

Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave (ODW) on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach number. Usually a standing window of ODW is defined as the wedge angle ranged from the ODW detached angle from wedge (upper limit) to the angle that a Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation occurs (lower limit). For pathological detonation cases, however, the CJ detonation cannot be achieved, and thus the lower limit of the standing window of ODW should be revisited. In present study, two types of reactions in hypersonic incoming flow that include the behavior of pathological detonation, that is, the single-step irreversible reaction with mole variation and the two-step irreversible reactions with exothermic process followed by endothermic process, have been used for studying standing behavior of ODW. The steady detonation polar analysis of ODW is carried out for both reaction systems. The results reveal that the reaction with more mole decrement and the reactions with stronger endothermic process show the pathological detonation feature and therefore modify the lower limit of standing window of ODW. Three equivalent parameters are proposed to quantitatively measure the standing window range of ODW from points of view of thermodynamics, Mach number of incoming flow and heat effect of reactions. It is found that the standing window of ODW is determined by the specific heat ratio, the overdrive degree of detonation and the endothermic level of the hypersonic incoming flow, regardless of whether the detonation is pathological or not.     

H2O污染对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能影响的三维数值模拟

为了解来流污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,需要大量的实验和CFD模拟。基于纯净空气和污染空气(H2O)来流下燃烧对比实验,采用较为详细的化学反应动力学模型(13组分33方程),对三个试验条件的燃烧室反应流场进行了三维大规模并行CFD模拟。模拟结果与对比试验测得的壁面压强比较接近,能"分辨"试验气体中H2O的污染影响。模拟结果显示,从燃烧室整体性能看,7.4%H2O和18.3%H2O污染导致燃烧室单位流量的空气对应推力分别下降4.1%和10.7%,而燃烧室燃烧效率分别下降5.5%和9.5%。     

Origin and Evolution of the Light Nuclides

After a short historical (and highly subjective) introduction to the field, I discuss our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the light nuclides D, ³He, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be, ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Despite considerable observational and theoretical progress, important uncertainties still persist for each and every one of those nuclides. The present-day abundance of D in the local interstellar medium is currently uncertain, making it difficult to infer the recent chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood. To account for the observed quasi-constancy of ³He abundance from the Big Bang to our days, the stellar production of that nuclide must be negligible; however, the scarce observations of its abundance in planetary nebulae seem to contradict this idea. The observed Be and B evolution as primaries suggests that the source composition of cosmic rays has remained ∼constant since the early days of the Galaxy, a suggestion with far reaching implications for the origin of cosmic rays; however, the main idea proposed to account for that constancy, namely that superbubbles are at the source of cosmic rays, encounters some serious difficulties. The best explanation for the mismatch between primordial Li and the observed “Spite-plateau” in halo stars appears to be depletion of Li in stellar envelopes, by some yet poorly understood mechanism. But this explanation impacts on the level of the recently discovered early “⁶Li plateau”, which (if confirmed), seriously challenges current ideas of cosmic ray nucleosynthesis.     

High-temperature gas effects on aerodynamic characteristics of waverider

This paper focuses on the analysis of high-temperature effect on a conical waverider and it is a typical configuration of near space vehicles. Two different gas models are used in the numerical simulations, namely the thermochemical non-equilibrium and perfect gas models. The non-equilibrium flow simulations are conducted with the usage of the parallel non-equilibrium program developed by the authors while the perfect gas flow simulations are carried out with the commercial software Fluent. The non-equilibrium code is validated with experimental results and grid sensitivity analysis is performed as well. Then, numerical simulations of the flow around the conical waverider with the two gas models are conducted. In the results, differences in the flow structures as well as aerodynamic performances of the conical waverider are compared. It is found that the thermochemical non-equilibrium effect is significant mainly near the windward boundary layer at the tail of the waverider, and the non-equilibrium influence makes the pressure center move forward to about 0.57% of the whole craft’s length at the altitude of 60 km.