Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

高校委托工程审计的质量控制与评价指标体系构建

委托工程审计质量关系到高校工程审计职能的发挥和投资建设目标的实现.结合高校工程审计实践,探讨高校委托工程审计质量控制关键路径,并据此构建质量评价指标体系,以实现高校委托工程审计质量有效控制和科学评价.     

提升民用飞机水废水系统运营经济性技术研究

基于现代民机绿色环保设计理念和对经济性的追求,减重是飞机设计中重点考虑因素,关于降低民用飞机水废水系统运营载重、提高运营经济性研究,国内外尚未发布公开文献。本文基于对航线用水统计数据研究,形成航线运营所需水量计算技术;基于我国航线飞行时长分布特点,提出基于航线实际运营时间和载客人数为需求、为系统设定分档加水设计技术。结果表明：与同类机型数据对比,本文的水量计算技术是有效的;分档加水设计技术能够有效地降低系统在航线运营过程中的运营重量,可以提升民用飞机水废水系统的运营经济性。     

航空发动机全飞行包线稳态划分方法研究

航空发动机在鲁棒控制器设计过程中存在飞行包线区域难以系统划分的问题,为此,提出基于推力耗油率特性和基于动压耗油率特性的航空发动机飞行包线划分法。根据某型涡扇发动机在全包线范围内稳态工作时的推力、耗油率及动压特性,结合大气条件的客观规律,通过两种划分方法将飞行包线划分为65 个区域,用每个区域对应标称点的参数代替其周围小偏差区域和边界点参数。通过对该发动机全包线内各区域标称点与边界点参数的对比,证明两种方法均对全飞行包线划分有效,可为后续航空发动机控制器设计提供理论基础。     

新型航空发动机空气冷却器流动传热性能试验

空气冷却器是航空发动机中空气热量交换的重要场所,针对传统扰动结构强化换热不足问题,重点研究了空气冷却器 中扰动结构的结构形貌特征与流动换热的关系。以三周期极小曲面结构为基础,设计制造了D型极小曲面扰动结构、P型极小曲 面扰动结构和基于Sigmoid函数杂化方法的D-P型（P-D型）结构。并利用纳米CT重构出样品的3维数字特征,试验研究了不同结 构来流速度与压降、换热性能和综合换热性能的关系。结果表明：D型极小曲面结构具有最优的压降、换热性能和综合换热性能： D-P型杂化极小曲面结构的阻力系数f最大,比D型结构的高56.81%;D型的平均努塞尔数Nu比P型的高18.49%,P-D和D-P杂 化结构的换热性能比P型结构的有效提高;P-D型D-P型杂化结构的Nu分别比P型结构的高2%和8.27%。在4种结构中,D型结 构的综合换热性能最优,分别比P型、P-D型、D-P型结构的高40.35%、57.2%、71.02%。     

三轴承矢量喷管红外辐射特性

针对涡扇发动机用三轴承矢量喷管（3BSN）,通过数值模拟的方法研究了在巡航和垂直起降（VTOL）状态即非矢量和90°矢量状态下三轴承矢量喷管的红外辐射空间分布特征,并分析了其影响机理。结果表明,在非矢量状态下由于特殊的几何型面使得喷管下壁面出现了局部高温区,喷流形状也变成椭圆锥形,造成垂直探测面上正探测角壁面红外辐射较负探测角最大增加44.6%,水平探测面上的燃气红外辐射大于垂直探测面;90°矢量状态下,由于偏转的喷管结构对前端高温部件的遮挡,总辐射峰值仅为非矢量状态的43.3%;喷管90°矢量偏转使得远离曲率中心一侧的气流速度降低温度升高,喷管外侧出现了大范围的局部高温区,导致垂直探测面负探测角范围的壁面辐射大于正探测角范围,最大相对差值达到71.9%。喷管偏转也遮挡了部分喷管内部的高温燃气,垂直探测面负探测角的仅能覆盖喷管出口处的高温燃气区域,明显小于正探测角,造成燃气辐射出现了20%的最大相对差值。     

A theoretical method for solving shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium and its applications

In this study, a theoretical method is proposed to solve shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium. Not only shock waves in dissociated flows but also detonation waves in combustive mixtures can be solved. The global iterative solving process is specially designed to mimic the physical and chemical process in reactive shock waves to ensure good stability and fast convergence in the proposed method. Within each global step, the single-variable equations of normal and oblique shock relatio...     

SAR performance-based fault diagnosis for electro-hydraulic control system: A novel FDI framework for closed-loop system

Model-based fault diagnosis serves as an efficient and powerful technique in addressing fault detection and isolation (FDI) issues for control systems. However, the standard methods and their modifications still encounter some difficulties in algorithm design and application for complex higher-order systems. To avoid these difficulties, a novel fault diagnosis framework based on multiple performance indicators of closed-loop control system is proposed. Under this framework, a so-called performance residual vector is constructed to measure the differences between the real system and the nominal model in terms of system stability, accuracy, and rapidity (SAR) respectively. The criteria for quantification, normalization of the SAR residuals and the explicit mappings between the thresholds and the required performance are given. FDI can be easily achieved simultaneously by monitoring the normalized residual vector length and direction in the SAR performance residual space. A case study on electro-hydraulic servo control system of turbofan engine is adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

超临界碳氢燃料蒸汽重整一维模型研究

为了获得关键参数对超临界碳氢燃料蒸汽重整化学热沉分布特性的影响,建立了超临界碳氢燃料蒸汽重整非稳态一维计算模型,通过与实验数据的对比验证了模型的准确性,并基于该模型采用RP-3的四组分替代模型对RP-3蒸汽重整过程中入口流速、压力和含水量等关键参数对热沉沿流向分布特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明：随着入口流速的增加,蒸汽重整反应化学热沉的峰值减小,且出现峰值的位置逐渐向出口移动。随着压力的升高,相同位置处的化学热沉都减少,但是出现峰值的位置不变。在入口含水量由5%增大到12%的过程中,微通道同一位置处的化学热沉增大,且化学热沉的最大值也是增大的,峰值出现的位置向微通道出口移动。     

硅烷偶联剂在防热涂料中的应用前景分析北大核心CSCD

硅烷偶联剂作为一种重要的处理剂,广泛应用于涂料、橡胶、塑料等领域。本文综述了硅烷偶联剂的结构特点和作用机理,介绍了硅烷偶联剂在常用涂料领域的几种典型应用,主要包括基体树脂增容、颜填料表面改性、涂层与基材连接,讨论了不同使用条件下影响硅烷偶联剂效果的因素,并对硅烷偶联剂在防热涂料中应用的发展趋势进行了展望。