钢表面热爆合成耐热金属间化合物基复合材料

利用钢熔体点燃Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系热爆反应,在钢件表面合成一层金属间化合物基复合材料,通过对Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系的反应热力学和热爆产物的形貌的分析,研究了金属间化合物基复合材料的物相、组织形态及界面。结果表明:在熔融钢液作用下,Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系反应完全,制备出TiC颗粒增强金属间化合物基表面复合材料。研究发现,TiC的含量对表面复合材料的表面组织和界面结合有明显影响,随着TiC含量的提高,颗粒尺寸略有长大,复合材料更致密,与钢基体界面变为良好的冶金结合。     

Interfacial characteristics in CNTs-AgCuTi systems

AgCuTi-based composite fillers reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes（CNTs） were prepared by mechanical ball milling and ultrasonic agitation. The morphological features, chemical components, and melting characteristics of the composite fillers with different content of CNTs addition were investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy（FESEM）, XRay Diffraction（XRD） and a Differential Scanning Calorimeter（DSC）. After being heated at 900 ℃, the microstructure of the composite fillers was ...     

New findings and appraisal of structural control on polygonal impact crater rim-geometry,a study from Mare Fecunditatis,Moon

Polygonal Impact Craters (PICs), having a distinct polygonal rim geometry, are common on terrestrial planets, their natural satellites such as Earth’s Moon and the asteroids. The straight segments of PIC-rims are arguably subparallel or oblique to existing fracture/fault planes in their vicinity, and such pre-existing structural weak planes are considered responsible for the shape of the PICs. The Mare Fecunditatis, a lunar maria, preserves mappable PICs as well as different geomorphic features like wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains which owe their origin to either compressional or extensional faulting. To understand the structural control, if any, on the PIC-rim geometry in Mare Fecunditatis, PICs, both simple and complex, and the deformational features are mapped, superposition relations between them are observed and trends are compared. The comparison between frequency of rim segment trends of the two types of PICs with wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains, and also statistical correlation between them, interestingly indicate that the wrinkle ridges and grabens are found to have negligible or no influence on the rim geometry of the PICs. Wrinkle ridges, known to be a group of the Mare Fecunditatis' oldest deformation features, are older than most of the preserved craters and are likely to have had control over the PIC shape. However, lack of correlation between the trends of wrinkle ridges and PIC rims indicates that most of the craters were formed after the fractures beneath the old wrinkle ridges ceased to act as mechanical discontinuity planes due to possible induration caused by fracture-filling through concomitant and later magma injection. The PICs dispersed throughout the maria could have avoided the influence of the grabens, the majority of which are located near the margin of the maria. Pit crater chains with possible deep roots and still/recently continued dike activities, were the only available weak planes which could influence the PIC rim shapes.     

C/ C 复合材料CVD 过程中气相反应分析

以整体毡为预制体,丙烷为碳源,以沉积温度和气体滞留时间为考察变量,采用CVD 法制备了 C/ C 复合材料,并用偏光显微镜分析了热解碳结构,用气相色谱仪分析了尾气成分,并采用商用COMSOL 软件 分析了1 250 K 以上成碳过程的中间气相产物和气相反应路径。结果表明:试样上下表面热解碳均为光滑层 结构,高温下主要中间产物有H2、C2H2、C2H4、CH4,其中大分子结构、H2、C2H2 浓度,随着温度的升高而增大, C2H4 浓度随着温度的升高迅速减小,CH4 浓度略有减小;具有较低C—H 结合能而容易形成稳定的自由基的 大分子浓度随滞留时间延长而先增加后下降,具有高不饱和结构的大分子随滞留时间的延长浓度变化不大;热 解碳形成的复杂过程中C2H4 具有重要的作用。     

天然气氧化特性的实验与数值计算

在流动管反应器中对压力为0.1 MPa、温度范围为500~1 850 K、当量比分别为0.5、1.0与3.5的工况条件下天然气（90%甲烷/7%乙烷/3%丙烷，体积分数）的氧化过程进行了实验测试。同时，通过全局敏感性分析方法，构建了天然气的简化反应动力学机理（38组分和149反应），并对天然气的氧化特性进行了数值计算。结果表明：随着当量比增大，燃料发生氧化反应的起始温度与终止温度逐渐升高，CO生成与消耗完全对应的反应温度逐渐升高，NO的生成量逐渐降低。天然气的简化反应机理可以很好地预测天然气氧化过程中主要组分摩尔分数随温度变化的整体趋势；但是在C₃H₈、C₂H₂、NO、NO₂的起始反应温度或摩尔分数峰值的预测上与相应实验值存在差异。     

耐300 ℃聚酰亚胺树脂及其复合材料性能

为了解决耐300 ℃聚酰亚胺复合材料在热压成型工艺过程中尚未解决的基础性科学问题，推动其在飞行器主承力结构件的成熟应用，本文通过DSC、FTIR、流变、TGA和力学性能测试方法，系统分析了耐300 ℃聚酰亚胺树脂化学反应特性及其复合材料力学性能。结果表明，聚酰亚胺树脂于230 ℃完全酰亚胺化，1 ℃/min升温速率下最低黏度为86 Pa·s，采用优化成型工艺制备的复合材料具有良好的内部质量和力学性能。     

力矩输出能力最优化混合执行机构操纵律设计

当航天器执行高动态敏捷机动或者姿态动态跟踪控制等任务时，常使用控制力矩陀螺（control moment gyroscope，简称CMG）和飞轮（reaction wheel，简称RW）构成的混合执行机构来提供大力矩。提出了基于力矩输出能力最优化的混合执行机构操纵律，从几何角度出发，给出了力矩输出能力最优的CMG框架角速度和RW角加速度，通过引入参数，并讨论参数的设置的最优，使得框架转速误差和输出力矩误差的混合二次型达到最小，保证了混合执行机构在输出力矩误差最小的情况下，力矩输出能力最优。以金字塔构型的CMG集群和正交的RW集群构成的混合执行机构为例，对基于力矩输出能力最优化的混合执行机构操纵律进行合理化分析，证明了引入参数的作用，并且证明了混合执行机构不存在CMG奇异情况。仿真结果表明，基于力矩输出能力最优化的混合执行机构操纵律解决了CMG奇异的问题并使得RW不陷入饱和，输出力矩误差较小，输出力矩能力强，能够应用于航天器大角度机动任务。     

柔性基座冗余机械臂的最优反作用控制

针对柔性基座冗余机械臂的末端轨迹跟踪问题，提出一种反作用最优控制方法，该算法将轨迹跟踪视为高优先级任务，而反作用优化控制在高优先级任务零空间内进行。由于冗余机械臂的自运动能在不影响末端运动的前提下改变关节运动，利用冗余机械臂的自运动消除振动系统中的低阶模态力，使机械臂在完成轨迹跟踪的同时激起的弹性振动大幅减小，从而提高了系统的稳定性。以平面3自由度柔性基座机械臂和空间7自由度柔性基座机械臂为例进行数值仿真，证实了方法的有效性。     

SiCW增强锌基复合材料时效反应动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热计研究了碳化硅晶须增强锌基复合材料的时效动力学，分别采用两种不同方法测定了时效反应的激活能，并比较了其优缺点，最后提出了自己的看法。