正癸烷预混燃烧的详细反应动力学数值模拟

提出了正癸烷预混燃烧的详细化学反应机理,并对正癸烷预混燃烧过程进行了数值计算.同时,详细分析了反应物、主要生成物及多种中间组分摩尔分数的变化趋势,并分别与采用正癸烷与航空煤油为燃料的燃烧火焰的实验结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,正癸烷与航空煤油预混燃烧火焰中反应物与生成物摩尔分数的变化趋势基本一致;通过数值计算所得到的主要反应物与生成物摩尔分数的变化趋势与两种燃料(正癸烷与航空煤油)燃烧火焰的实验值基本吻合,说明该详细反应机理能很好地反映正癸烷预混燃烧过程的详细动力学特性.同时,通过反应流分析发现,正癸烷的消耗主要通过热裂解反应以及H,OH自由基的提取反应来实现.      

一种基于IS-MCMC的多目标跟踪算法

针对密集杂波环境下的多目标跟踪问题,提出了一种基于定向概率数据关联重要度采样的改进马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛(MCMC)算法(IS-MCMC)。首先,基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛方法求解具有最大后验概率的量测分配集,并根据量测与目标的定向关联概率进行重要度采样以提高收敛速度。其次,依据量测分配结果更新目标轨迹的感知概率和状态参数,并基于感知概率实现对轨迹起始、维持和终止的判断。为实现对目标的连续跟踪,采用滑窗方法,根据当前帧数据与上一窗口数据的处理结果构建初始量测分配集,利用IS-MCMC对当前加窗数据进行处理。不同杂波密度、目标密度和检测概率下的仿真实验表明,IS-MCMC相比MCMC在计算效率、轨迹跟踪性能和环境适应能力上更具优势。     

中间相炭微球为炭源反应形成SiC陶瓷及其结构与性能

以中间相炭微球和SiC粉为原料,模压渗硅制备了反应形成SiC陶瓷.计算了制品各相含量随SiC粉掺量、渗硅温度和保温时间改变的变化规律,同时测试了制品性能,并通过SEM观察了制品表面形貌.计算结果表明,随SiC粉掺量的增加,硅化后制品Si和SiC相体积分数提高,C相体积分数降低;渗硅温度的提高可降低制品开气孔率和提高密度...     

基于马尔可夫链舱段装配质量研究

产品装配质量在装配过程中是随机的。在分析了影响舱段装配质量因素的基础上,提出了基于马尔可夫链装配质量分析模型。通过质量损失函数,构建了舱段装配过程状态转移矩阵,为舱段装配质量的定量评估分析提供了依据。     

离解反应速率常数中的方位因素

以碰撞理论为基础探讨了结构方位因素对离解反应速率常数的影响,建立了计及方位特征的离解反应模型,计算对比了热平衡假设下空气中几个典型的离解反应的Arrhenius图.结果表明,在所选实例中,除了反应N₂+N和O₂+O外,考虑方位因素后确实能够更好地理论估算出反应速率常数.对上述例外文中做了一定的讨论.     

电子束固化环氧树脂的引发和增长反应速率

对二苯基碘 鎓 六氟磷酸盐引发的环氧树脂电子束(EB)辐射固化反应动力学进行了研究,应用环氧树脂乙腈溶液推导出引发剂辐射分解速率常数和引发、增长反应速率.动力学研究结果表明,二苯基碘 鎓六氟磷酸盐引发剂经电子束辐射分解产生质子酸的过程是二级反应,在辐射反应过程中,环氧树脂体系的引发速率和增长速率分别迅速达到最大值后逐渐减小.      

Longitudinal variations of geomagnetic and ionospheric parameters in the Northern Hemisphere during magnetic storms according to multi-instrument observations

We present a joint analysis of longitude-temporal variations of ionospheric and geomagnetic parameters at middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere during the two severe magnetic storms in March and June 2015 by using data from the chains of magnetometers, ionosondes and GPS/GLONASS receivers. We identify the fixed longitudinal zones where the variability of the magnetic field is consistently high or low under quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions. The revealed longitudinal structure of the geomagnetic field variability in quiet geomagnetic conditions is caused by the discrepancy of the geographic and magnetic poles and by the spatial anomalies of different scales in the main magnetic field of the Earth. Variations of ionospheric parameters are shown to exhibit a pronounced longitudinal inhomogeneity with changing geomagnetic conditions. This inhomogeneity is associated with the longitudinal features of background and disturbed structure of the geomagnetic field. During the recovery phase of a storm, important role in dynamics of the mid-latitude ionosphere may belong to wave-like thermospheric disturbances of molecular gas, propagating westward for several days. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the time interval for studying the ionospheric effects of strong magnetic storms by a few days after the end of the magnetospheric source influence, while the disturbed regions in the thermosphere continues moving westward and causes the electron density decrease along the trajectories of propagation.     

An integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach to analyze human factors in aviation accidents

Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inadequate human–aircraft–environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts' skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree(AcciTree), with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS) to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to factors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.     

果皮富氧气化的动力学研究

利用小型固定床式气化炉对果皮进行富氧气化的实验，本文采用均相反应气化模型详细介绍了果皮富氧气化的表征动力学模型的建立，求得了果皮富氧气化的动力学参数。最后比较发现氧气作气化剂时的动力学参数小于二氧化碳作气化剂时的参数，相对来讲采用富氧气化效果优于二氧化碳。     

金属/水反应冲压发动机理论性能计算与分析

基于水与金属燃料反应的水冲压发动机是一种新型的水下动力装置。为了研究水下冲压发动机的基本性能，在简述热力计算原理的基础上，以含铝贫氧推进剂为例对燃气发生器式水冲压发动机、以铝金属燃料为例对漩流式水冲压发动机进行了不同工作状态下的热力计算，得出了发动机比冲与水燃比、工作压强等之间的定性关系。