交会接近轨迹的闭环斜滑控制算法研究

为了矫正追踪航天器相对接近轨迹的偏离,实现交会轨迹的主动安全控制,在开环斜滑算法的基础上提出了闭环斜滑主动控制方法,包括轨迹控制的闭环斜滑算法和终端控制的闭环斜滑算法。利用某近距离交会接近问题,采用MonteCarlo（蒙特卡洛）打靶仿真,分析比较了开环斜滑算法和2种闭环斜滑算法。结果表明,闭环控制终端偏离明显小于开环情况,同时在较短时间内以较小的速度增量实现了终端状态控制,并且轨迹控制的闭环斜滑算法控制精度小于终端控制算法。     

空中高速路匝口排序延误研究

航空运输业的迅速发展,空中交通流量需求越来越大,空中高速路的规划和设计有助于缓解日益严重的空中交通拥挤问题。从空中高速路的基本概念入手提出了匝口容量计算方法,运用Monte Carlo方法对匝口排序进行仿真并计算匝口排序延误。考虑到匝口容量和排序延误在很大程度上受空中高速路航路流量的影响,研究了航路上不同流率情况下的匝口容量和排序延误。结果表明：该方法能够仿真和计算不同情况下的排序延误,具有很好的实用性。     

Numerical simulation on antenna temperature field of complex structure satellite in solar simulator

A thermal network model is developed for studying the temperature variation of complicated structure satellite surfaces. The solar incident areas, the infrared and solar radiation transfer coefficients among surfaces are numerically simulated by means of Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT) method in model. The non-uniformity and the instability of solar radiation, which plays the important roles in simulating outer-space heat flux designation parameters by solar simulator, are studied for analysis variation of antenna temperature fields in detail. Results showed non-uniformity irradiation effects are greater than those of instability for this kind of geometry sheltering structure.     

航天器迎风面不同位置原子氧掏蚀效应的数值模拟研究

Kapton作为基底的热控涂层被广泛应用于航天器的外表层设计中。近地轨道航天器的飞行方向与航天器表面法线之间的夹角(在本文中简称为ANI)对原子氧掏蚀效应有较大的影响。文章利用Monte Carlo方法研究了航天器迎风面(即0°≤ANI≤90°处)上ANI与掏蚀效应之间的关系。结果表明,束流和撞击能量不变时,ANI的增加会引起原子氧掏蚀空腔发生同向倾斜,空腔的深度不断减小,而宽度将急剧增加;当保护层厚度一定时,ANI的增加还会引起缺陷处入射的原子氧的反应率降低。     

Cellular communication and “non-targeted effects”: Modelling approaches

During the last decade, a large number of experimental studies on the so-called “non-targeted effects”, in particular bystander effects, outlined that cellular communication plays a significant role in the pathways leading to radiobiological damage. Although it is known that two main types of cellular communication (i.e. via gap junctions and/or molecular messengers diffusing in the extra-cellular environment, such as cytokines, NO etc.) play a major role, it is of utmost importance to better understand the underlying mechanisms, and how such mechanisms can be modulated by ionizing radiation. Though the “final” goal is of course to elucidate the in vivo scenario, in the meanwhile also in vitro studies can provide useful insights. In the present paper we will discuss key issues on the mechanisms underlying non-targeted effects and cell communication, for which theoretical models and simulation codes can be of great help. In this framework, we will present in detail three literature models, as well as an approach under development at the University of Pavia. More specifically, we will first focus on a version of the “State-Vector Model” including bystander-induced apoptosis of initiated cells, which was successfully fitted to in vitro data on neoplastic transformation supporting the hypothesis of a protective bystander effect mediated by apoptosis. The second analyzed model, focusing on the kinetics of bystander effects in 3D tissues, was successfully fitted to data on bystander damage in an artificial 3D skin system, indicating a signal range of the order of 0.7–1 mm. A third model for bystander effect, taking into account of spatial location, cell killing and repopulation, showed dose–response curves increasing approximately linearly at low dose rates but quickly flattening out for higher dose rates, also predicting an effect augmentation following dose fractionation. Concerning the Pavia approach, which can model the release, diffusion and depletion/degradation of candidate signals (e.g. cytokines) travelling in the extra-cellular environment, the good agreement with ad hoc experimental data obtained in our laboratory validated the adopted approach, which in the future can be applied also to other candidate signals.     

Monte Carlo calibration of the response of the University of Chicago’s Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment (CRNE) on IMP-8 to electrons above 0.5 MeV

Modern instrument-simulation techniques offer the possibility of increasing the scientific yield from archival space datasets. In this paper, we report on a simulation of the electron response of the University of Chicago’s Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment (CRNE) instrument on the IMP-8 satellite. IMP-8/CRNE returned data from 1973 to 2006. The CRNE particle telescope was designed to measure the isotopic composition of Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) nuclei and has also been used in many studies of protons and ions above 10 MeV/nucleon from solar energetic particle (SEP) events. But CRNE also functions as a highly-capable detector for solar electrons above 0.5 MeV, an energy range that has not been extensively studied. Utilization of the CRNE electron data has heretofore been limited by the fact that CRNE was never calibrated for electrons. We have therefore used the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation package to model the CRNE response to electrons and (separately) protons for multiple energies and incident angles. The results were used to compute the energy- and angle-dependence of the effective area and the energy-dependence of the geometric factor. The response to protons, which was already well understood, was used to verify the mass model, the simulation settings, and the post-processing software. Our simulation of the IMP-8/CRNE electron response now allows analysis of hundreds of relativistic solar electron events observed by CRNE over the years, including studies of evolution of electron energy spectra with high time resolution. We show examples of these results and briefly discuss potential applications to future scientific investigations.     

New He neutron monitor for Chilean Cosmic-Ray Observatories from the Altiplanic zone to the Antarctic zone

We present the results of three years of continuous operations and the principal characteristics of our new ³He neutron monitors installed in the Chilean Network of Cosmic-Ray Observatories. During the years 2004 and 2005, we began the construction of this International Geophysical Year (IGY)-type ³He neutron monitor, with the intention of replacing the older proportional tubes of the BF₃. These new monitors are installed in stations at locations ranging from the near-equatorial zone to the Antarctic zone. As a reference system, we used our own BF₃ neutron monitors and previously complemented the collected data with a Monte Carlo simulation for the proton-yield function response of the Putre neutron monitor. Herein, we present for the first time the data obtained from our new high-mountain observatory located in the Altiplanic zone.     

铁磁性纳米线阵列的偏差对磁性的影响

用蒙特卡洛方法对纳米线阵列磁滞回线进行模拟,研究了纳米线排列、长度和直径的偏差对纳米线阵列整体磁学性质的影响。研究结果表明,纳米线位置的标准偏差引起了矫顽力和磁化率降低;长度的标准偏差则仅仅引起饱和磁化强度的增大和剩余磁化强度的减小,而对矫顽力没有影响;直径的的标准偏差对纳米线阵列产生了比较复杂的影响。     

预测平纹编织C/SiC复合材料等效导热系数的三维纤维随机模型

提出了一种能够刻画平纹编织C/SiC复合材料编织结构的三维纤维随机模型,探讨了微观结构影响宏观等效导热系数的机理。采用蒙特卡罗法模拟纤维位置的随机分布,用有限元法计算等效导热系数,通过数理统计方法分析在不同纤维体积分数下等效导热系数的随机分布规律;并且比较了相同纤维体积分数下,纤维随机模型平均等效导热系数与纤维周期排列模型等效导热系数的差别。结果表明:在不同体积分数下,纤维位置随机等效导热系数都呈高斯分布;纤维随机模型中纤维会出现聚集现象,形成局部“导热热障”,所以纤维随机模型平均等效导热系数小于纤维周期排列模型,这种差异在中等纤维体积分数下最明显。      

微波等离子推力器真空羽流模拟计算

粒子节点－直接模拟蒙特卡罗法（DSMC）是求解稀薄气体流动的数值模拟方法，采用轴对称硬球模型、随机取样频率法对微波等离子推力器（MPT）的真空羽流进行了数值模拟计算，为了提高计算效率和节省计算机内存，采用了随机取样频率法（RSF）和加权技术。对MPT真空羽流的浓度、速度和温度分布进行了计算，并对羽流污染进行了分析。计算结果对以后MPT真空羽流场测试和航天器一体化设计提供了参考。