用于直升机舱内降噪的主减周期撑杆研究

主减速器齿轮啮合产生的中高频谐波振动是直升机舱内噪声的主要来源之一,通过抑制该振动向机体的传递可达到舱内降噪的目的。基于金属/橡胶周期结构,提出了一种适用于直升机舱内降噪的串/并联复合型主减周期撑杆,不仅具有宽频减振特性,而且能够满足直升机对撑杆的强度和刚度要求。为指导这种周期撑杆的设计,首先采用谱单元法建立了复合型主减周期撑杆的动力学模型,进一步建立了该周期撑杆的刚度和强度分析模型;在此基础上,分析得到了该周期结构的主要设计参数对减振特性、刚度及强度的影响规律;最后,以某轻型直升机为背景机设计了复合型主减周期撑杆,对其减振特性、刚度及强度特性进行了仿真研究,结果表明：所提出的设计方案可满足该直升机对主减撑杆的刚度和强度要求,且撑杆两端位移传递率在500~2 000 Hz频率范围内的最大振动衰减超过60 dB,验证了本文所提出复合型周期撑杆方案的可行性。     

挠性航天器滑模变结构控制及抖振抑制研究

针对挠性航天器姿态滑模变结构控制中存在的抖振问题,提出了一种改进的滑模变结构控制律.在滑模“边界层”法的基础上,用更为光滑的“反正切”函数替代饱和函数,以抑制抖振.在滑模控制器的到达运动控制律中引入滞后因子以减小机动初始时刻控制所需的最大控制力矩,避免由此引起的挠性附件振动.仿真结果表明,所设计的改进滑模变结构控制律不仅能够有效抑制抖振,而且对航天器自身参数摄动具有良好的鲁棒性.     

CFD Study of NO_x Emissions in a Model Commercial Aircraft Engine Combustor

Air worthiness requirements of the aircraft engine emission bring new challenges to the combustor research and design. With the motivation to design high performance and clean combustor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized as the powerful design approach. In this paper, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations of reactive two-phase flow in an experimental low emission combustor is performed. The numerical approach uses an implicit compressible gas solver together with a Lagrangian liquid-phase tracking method and the extended coherent flamelet model for turbulence-combustion interaction. The NOx formation is modeled by the concept of post-processing, which resolves the NOx transport equation with the assumption of frozen temperature distribution. Both turbulence-combustion interaction model and NOx formation model are firstly evaluated by the comparison of experimental data published in open literature of a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor. The test rig studied in this paper is called low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor, which is a two-stage model combustor, fueled with liquid kerosene (RP-3) and designed by Beihang University (BUAA). The main stage of LESS combustor employs the principle of lean prevaporized and premixed (LPP) concept to reduce pollutant, and the pilot stage depends on a diffusion flame for flame stabili-zation. Detailed numerical results including species distribution, turbulence performance and burning performance are qualita-tively and quantitatively evaluated. Numerical prediction of NOx emission shows a good agreement with test data at both idle condition and full power condition of LESS combustor. Preliminary results of the flame structure are shown in this paper. The flame stabilization mechanism and NOx reduction effort are also discussed with in-depth analysis.     

一种多代路径通量分析化学机理简化方法

基于路径通量分析,在考虑组分间直接和间接多代相关反应的基础上,建立了一种新型化学机理简化方法。以预选组分为基础,通过计算预选组分直接参与,以及第二代、第三代和第四代间接参与的所有生成反应与消耗反应中其它组分相对于预选组分的路径通量之和,以此决定相关组分及其所参与反应的取舍。用该多代路径通量分析简化法对甲烷及正庚烷反应机理进行了简化,计算结果与详细化学机理、直接关系图简化法简化结果、二代路径通量分析简化法简化结果进行了对比,结果证明了该多代路径通量分析简化法具有更高的简化精度。多代路径通量分析简化法为反应流模拟中大型化学机理的精确简化提供了一种新的解决思路。     

一种快速稳定的非双曲线型非线性时间序列去噪算法

非双曲线型非线性系统同宿切面点和同宿横截点的存在,使得其时间序列的去噪或轨迹重影变得十分困难。在充分挖掘非线性系统本身特性的基础上,结合Gradient Descent算法的稳定性和Newton-Raphson算法的快速收敛性,提出了一种快速稳定的非双曲线型非线性时间序列去噪新算法,在机器精度内实现了非双曲线型非线性时间序列的去噪。该方法首先计算受扰序列的局部稳定流形和不稳定流形方向,进而确定同宿切面点存在的位置,很大程度上降低了同宿切面对算法性能的影响。不同于现有文献忽视同宿横截点对算法性能影响的做法,研究得出了同宿横截点间的最小距离和干扰噪声均方差二者间的关系,首次定量地估计了同宿横截点可能对算法造成的影响,这无疑对其他算法也将是一个有益的启示。     

基于吸波超材料的微带天线设计

为缩减天线带内雷达散射截面,设计出一种频带较宽的超材料吸波体。该吸波体是由两层金属及其中间的有耗介质组成,上层金属是由刻蚀四个不同大小方孔的贴片形成的电谐振器,下层金属不刻蚀,作为整个金属地板。通过优化结构参数,得到了一种极化不敏感、宽入射角的超薄吸波体,吸波率达到97%,厚度只有0.3mm。仿真结果表明:通过渐变开孔,该吸波体吸波带宽大大扩展。相比普通微带天线,加载该吸波体后天线在工作频带内法向RCS减缩可达3~12.6dB,同时天线的增益也有较大提高。     

Assessment of the impact of dimensionality reduction methods on information classes and classifiers for hyperspectral image classification by multiple classifier system

Identification of the appropriate combination of classifier and dimensionality reduction method has been a recurring task for various hyperspectral image classification scenarios. Image classification by multiple classifier system has been evolving as a promising method for enhancing accuracy and reliability of image classification. Because of the diversity in generalization capabilities of various dimensionality reduction methods, the classifier optimal to the problem and hence the accuracy of image classification varies considerably. The impact of including multiple dimensionality reduction methods in the MCS architecture for the supervised classification of a hyperspectral image for land cover classification has been assessed in this study. Multi-source airborne hyperspectral images acquired over five different sites covering a range of land cover categories have been classified by a multiple classifier system and compared against the classification results obtained from support vector machines (SVM). The MCS offers acceptable classification results across the images or sites when there are multiple dimensionality reduction methods in addition to different classifiers. Apart from offering acceptable classification results, the MCS indicates about 5% increase in the overall accuracy when compared to the SVM classifier across the hyperspectral images and sites. Results indicate the presence of dimensionality reduction method specific empirical preferences by land cover categories for certain classifiers thereby demanding the design of MCS to support adaptive selection of classifiers and dimensionality reduction methods for hyperspectral image classification.     

“仿生学”沟槽减阻仿真分析及机理研究

"仿生学"沟槽结构在航空发动机叶片减阻和燃滑油系统减阻等领域有潜在的应用前景。为获得该结构构型参数和雷诺数对减阻效果的影响规律,通过对鲨鱼及海豚表皮特征进行仿生设计了横向和纵向沟槽,利用数值模拟方法对不同沟槽构型在不同雷诺数下的减阻效果开展了对比研究和机理分析。结果表明:横向和纵向沟槽构型减阻率均随雷诺数增大而减小,并且雷诺数影响占主导地位。对于横向沟槽构型,沟槽间距较大的构型沿程阻力占主导,在相对高雷诺数下减阻效果较好;沟槽数量较多的构型局部阻力占主导,在相对低雷诺数下减阻效果较好;无间距构型在相对低雷诺数下减阻效果最好,减阻率约为4.14%。对于纵向沟槽构型,减阻率比横向沟槽的高约1个百分点,雷诺数对减阻效果影响不大。     

基于仿真的小型数据中心气流组织研究

为了实现小型数据中心能在办公室环境中运行而降低运行成本这一实际需求,提出了蒸汽压缩制冷系统与服务器融合封闭的降噪与制冷的一体化设计方案。在关键部件——轴流风扇和蒸发器的仿真策略得到验证的基础上,建立了系统气流组织仿真模型以分析箱体内流动与换热特征,以方差和信息熵构建不均匀性评价指标以评估不同风扇排布方式对服务器温度场均匀性的影响,讨论了发热密度增大时的应对策略。结果表明,轴流风扇不均匀的动量驱动导致了蒸发器内不均匀的流动与换热,所设计的降噪制冷系统可以使服务器的排风温度控制在21.6~22.2℃,增加蒸发器的散热风扇可以整体上改善温度场均匀性,发热密度增大时增大服务器的通风量是降低排风温度的有效措施。      

高速飞行器防热减阻新概念构型的气动性能

提出了一种高速飞行条件下兼具防热减阻的凹腔槽道气动构型,建立了凹腔深宽比为1,槽道高度分别为0、10、20、30、40 mm的凹腔槽道构型,以及槽道入口高度固定为30 mm,出口高度分别为35、40、45、50 mm的扩张型凹腔槽道构型。采用求解Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程方法进行计算,获得了不同算例的鼻锥外壁面热流密度分布以及构型阻力系数的变化情况,分析了凹腔槽道构型参数对气动热与气动力性能的影响。数值结果表明凹腔槽道构型能够达到预期的防热减阻效果。较优构型（槽道进出口高度比为30/50）的防热率与减阻率分别达到40.1%和16.8%。槽道高度越高,减阻效果越好,但防热效率降低。相较于平直型凹腔槽道,扩张型凹腔槽道构型能够在保证防热率不变的情况下显著提升减阻性能。