太空中的PM2.5——太阳系尘埃动力学研究进展

对太阳系尘埃动力学所涉及到的基本内容进行概述，包括尘埃的种类、成分、尺寸、密度、形状和生命周期。介绍了近年来在尘埃的来源与生成机制方面的力学过程、主要理论、模型与方法，包括冲击溅射、表面喷射、风化、滑坡、质量脱落、旋转断裂等，阐述了尘埃的充电过程与磁场环境，简要概述了航天任务的尘埃探测结果，介绍了尘埃受力模型、单个尘埃颗粒的运动以及大量尘埃的分布特征、动力学现象及内在规律方面的最新研究结论。最后对太阳系尘埃动力学领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

火星太阳电池翼除尘方法综述

“萤火一号”火星探测器即将发射升空,标志着我国火星探测计划实施的开始。然而,火星尘埃在范德华力和静电力的作用下积聚在太阳电池翼的表面,使其转换效率下降,影响火星探测器的寿命。因此,开展火星太阳电池翼除尘技术的研究是非常有意义的。文章主要介绍了火星太阳电池翼的除尘方法,特别是目前最受关注的电帘除尘方法,并对其基本结构、除尘原理、除尘效率和透光性做了详细的描述,对开展火星太阳电池翼除尘技术的研究具有一定的参考作用。     

载人月面着陆及起飞技术初步研究

载人登月任务中最具特色的就是载人月面着陆及起飞过程,其技术体系丰富,是影响载人登月任务成败的关键环节。文章详细分析了载人月面着陆及起飞阶段的飞行方案,阐述了载人任务与无人任务设计准则上的区别,剖析了载人月面着陆及起飞技术的内涵。此外重点分析了低温推进剂蒸发量控制技术、10∶1深度变推力液体发动机技术、发动机推力矢量控制技术、大承载着陆缓冲技术、发动机羽流导流与防护技术、月尘清除及防护技术等六项与载人登月舱推进系统和结构系统相关的关键技术,分析提出了相应的技术途径和解决方案,对深入认识载人登月飞行器系统的技术体系及技术难度具有重要意义。     

高温热源羽流流场及伴生粉尘控制特性

采用CFD数值模拟软件对高温热源上部接受罩的羽流温度场和速度场进行分析,比较不同工况下上部伞形接受罩对高温烟气的控制特性,同时提出合理设置排风罩位置和风量的措施。     

封闭圆柱形粉尘爆炸罐内扬尘诱导湍流特性的确定

采用热线风速仪和系综平均法测定和研究了封闭圆柱形粉尘爆炸罐内扬尘湍流的瞬态特性，并与球形爆炸容器内已测定的扬尘湍流瞬态特性进行了比较，对系综平均法用于扬尘湍流的测量误差与测量次数的关系进行了探讨。     

粉尘爆炸与爆炸危险度评价

分析了粉尘爆炸的分类、条件、特性、因素、爆炸极限和最小点火能,重点介绍了粉尘爆炸的机理。在此基础上,采用Fuzzy评价的方法,建立了发生粉尘爆炸的危险度评价模型。     

GEMS at the Galactic Cosmic-Ray Source

Galactic cosmic rays probably predominantly originate from shock-accelerated gas and dust in superbubbles. It is usually assumed that the shock-accelerated dust is quickly destroyed by sputtering. However, it may be that some of the dust can survive bombardment by the high-metallicity gas in the superbubble interior, and that some of that dust has been incorporated into solar system materials. Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) contain enigmatic submicron components called GEMS (Glass with Embedded Metal and Sulfides). These GEMS have properties that closely match those expected of a population of surviving shock-accelerated dust at the GCR source (Westphal and Bradley in Astrophys. J. 617:1131, 2004). In order to test the hypothesis that GEMS are synthesized from shock-accelerated dust in superbubbles, we plan to measure the relative abundances of Fe, Zr, and Mo isotopes in GEMS using the new Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometer at Argonne National Laboratory. If GEMS are synthesized from shock-accelerated dust in superbubbles, they should exhibit isotopic anomalies in Fe, Zr and Mo: specificially, enhancements in the r-only isotopes ⁹⁶Zr and ¹⁰⁰Mo, and separately in ⁵⁸Fe, should be observed. We review also recent developments in observations of GEMS, laboratory synthesis of GEMS-like materials, and implications of observations of GEMS-like materials in Stardust samples.     

球铁汽车零部件球化率超声声速检测法研究

球铁汽车零件的球化率测试，过去都是由金相的方法得出。该方法测试工期长，人为因素较大。本文研究超声声速法来测球铁的球化率。实践证明，该方法可用于生产实际中。     

电化学浸渍液乙醇中铜铁镁含量的测试技术

运用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法进行电化学浸渍液乙醇中铜、铁、镁含量的连续测试。介绍了铜、铁、镁最佳测定条件及呈良好线性范围的浓度。同时对样品消化处理条件及在测定中样品的干扰因素进行了综合考虑,该方法具有很好的灵敏度、很好的复现性。同时具有方法步骤简单、操作容易掌握等特点,对样品铜、铁、镁含量的连续测试,其相对标准偏差均小于1.0％(n=10);标准加入回收率均在97.0％-102.0％(n=6)范围内。     

Spatial distribution and orbital properties of interplanetary dust at high latitudes

Although the interplanetary dust cloud is assumed to be mainly concentrated in the ecliptic plane, there is a component of dust particles on highly inclined orbits that forms the out-of-ecliptic distribution. The ULYSSES mission for the first time makes this component accessible to in-situ, detection. Evidence for this dust component is also provided from the analysis of the Zodiacal light brightness and especially from the spherical shape of the solar F — corona. An obvious source for an out-of-ecliptic dust population is the activity of comets on high eccentric, highly inclined orbits. We discuss the dynamical conditions of particles under the influence of the radiation pressure when released from the comet and discuss their input to the dust cloud based on brightness analysis and in-situ results.