高变形率低密度碳／碳复合材料的研究

介绍了一种平均压缩率达到１０％，平均压缩回弹率达到１３％的低密度碳／碳材料及其独特的制造技术，对改善碳／碳材料的韧性提供了一种行之有效的方法。其主要工艺途径为，在水中以表面活性剂分散、包覆原材料、混合抽滤、烘干固化、炭化等工序。     

Static strength analysis of dragonfly inspired wings for biomimetic micro aerial vehicles

This article examines the suitability of fabricating artificial, dragonfly-like, wing frames from materials that are commonly used in unmanned aircraft(balsa wood, black graphite carbon fiber and red prepreg fiberglass). Wing frames made with Type 321 stainless steel are also examined for comparison. The purpose of these wings is for future use in biomimetic micro aerial vehicles(BMAV). BMAV are a new class of unmanned micro-sized aerial vehicles that mimic flying biological organisms(like flying insects). Insects, such as dragonflies, possess corrugated and complex vein structures that are difficult to mimic. Simplified dragonfly-like wing frames were fabricated from these materials and then a nano-composite film was adhered to them, which mimics the membrane of an actual dragonfly. Finite element analysis simulations were also performed and compared to experimental results. The results showed good agreement(less than 10% difference for all cases).Analysis of these results shows that stainless steel is a poor choice for this wing configuration, primarily because of the aggressive oxidation observed. Steel, as well as balsa wood, also lacks flexibility. In comparison, black graphite carbon fiber and red prepreg fiberglass offer some structural advantages, making them more suitable for consideration in future BMAV applications.     

Microstructure,thermophysical property and ablation behavior of high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites after heat-treatment

Uni-directional carbon/carbon composites with high thermal conductivity are suitable to supply continuous thermal protection for future reentry vehicles since they could reduce surface temperature and ablation rates simultaneously in harsh environments. In this work, the high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration. After heat-treatment, both their open porosity and internal friction increase due to the fiber/matrix thermal expansion mismatch; while their thermal conductive performance become better due to more complete carbon structure. With raising heat-treatment temperature from 1800 °C to 2450 °C, the mass and linear ablation rates of C/C composites with fibers vertical to the oxyacetylene torch for 60 s decrease from 0.66 mg/s and 2.95 μm/s to 0.51 mg/s and 2.05 μm/s respectively. The improved ablation resistance is resulted from the increased thermal conductivity from 282 to 508 W/(m·K) and more carbon fibers exposed to the flame during ablation, which have better oxidation resistance than those of carbon matrix. While such ablation rates become larger for composites with fibers parallel to the flame, from 1.02 mg/s and 3.73 μm/s to 1.28 mg/s and 5.01 μm/s respectively since the ablation occurred more easily through gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces, which become larger and are always exposed to the flame for this case.     

Soil carbon distribution and site characteristics in hyper-arid soils of the Atacama Desert: A site with Mars-like soils

The soil carbon content and its relation to site characteristics are important in evaluating current local, regional, and global soil C storage and projecting future variations in response to climate change. In this study we analyzed the concentration of organic and inorganic carbon and their relationship with in situ climatic and geological characteristics in 485 samples of surface soil and 17 pits from the hyper-arid area and 51 samples with 2 pits from the arid–semiarid region from the Atacama Desert located in Peru and Chile. The soil organic carbon (SOC) in hyperarid soils ranged from 1.8 to 50.9 μg C per g of soil for the 0–0.1 m profile and from 1.8 to 125.2 μg C per g of soil for the 0–1 m profile. The analysis of climatic (temperature and precipitation), elevation, and some geologic characteristics (landforms) associated with hyper-arid soils explained partially the SOC variability. On the other hand, soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents, in the form of carbonates, ranged from 200 to 1500 μg C per g of soil for the 0–0.1 m profile and from 200 to 3000 μg C per g of soil for the 0–1.0 m profile in the driest area. The largest accumulations of organic and inorganic carbon were found near to arid–semiarid areas. In addition, the elemental carbon concentrations show that the presence of other forms of inorganic carbon (e.g. graphite, etc.) was negligible in these hyperarid soils. Overall, the top 1 m soil layer of hyperarid lands contains ∼11.6 Tg of organic carbon and 344.6 Tg of carbonate carbon. The total stored carbon was 30.8-fold the organic carbon alone. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the total budget carbon on the surface and shallow subsurface on ∼160,000 km² of hyperarid soils.     

电极面型对横向激励高气压CO2激光器放电的影响

计算并讨论了均匀场电极中电极板安装结构、电极板厚度对实际电场分布影响。计算表明在基本参数类似的条件下,近罗可夫斯基电极表面电场强度具有17%的非均匀性,但在垂直放电方向的对称面上却有更好的均匀性。对放电区辉光的时间积分照片和像增强型CCD相机记录的瞬态照片进行了分析,结果表明:电极表面的电场强度分布,仅对放电的初始发展具有影响,而放电区中央的电场分布以及预电离强度,对最终放电区的均匀性具有决定性的影响。     

碳纤维复合材料低温热导率的实用计算方法

探讨和验证了碳纤维复合材料（ＣＦＲＰ）低温传热及低温热导率的一般规律、影响因素和计算方法;在分析讨论的基础上,总结归纳了热导率计算方法,并将计算结果与测试结果进行了比对,为设计、推算ＣＦＲＰ材料的低温热导率提出了实用的计算方法。     

碳纳米管薄膜电热特性及其除冰性能

采用碳纳米管薄膜(CNTF)作为电加热元件,研究碳纳米管薄膜对玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料结构表面的除冰性能,同时研究其电热性能。SEM14μm左右。XRD表明CNTF样品为微晶结构,结晶度差且含有少量杂质。空气环境通电,升温速率和最高恒定温度随输入电压增大而迅速提高。输入电压为5 V温度95℃。在四次电热循环后,其表面电阻略有升高,均值从2.795Ω到3.870Ω。在9 V输入电压下,CNTF被迅速烧断,CNTF样品电流承载极限在1.8 A左右。利用其焦耳热性能进行除冰,质量为20 g冰块在树脂基玻璃纤维复合材料样品的表面脱落时间为240 s。表明CNTF在飞机除冰领域具有潜在应用价值。     

多壁碳纳米管对C/E复合材料力学性能的影响

采用多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行环氧树脂的改性,并制备了碳纤维热熔预浸料。研究了MWNTs的改性方法、规格、含量对树脂基体的流变特性和碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:MWNTs的管径越小,改性树脂的黏度升高越明显,加入相容剂可降低工艺上的成型难度。MWNTs的长径比越大增韧效果越好,长径比较小时增强效果较好。C/E复合材料的0°、90°压缩强度、层剪强度、CAI着MWNT-NH_2(b)含量的提高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当MWNT-NH_2(b)的含量为2%(质量分数)时,上述性能最优,0°、90°压缩模量则呈现逐渐增加的趋势。拔出与断裂、桥联效应、裂纹偏转效应是碳纳米管在C/E复合材料中的主要作用机制。     

Leakage and wear characteristics of carbon seals for aero-engines

Experimental investigation has been performed to study the leakage and wear characteristics of carbon seal working at high circumferential speed. To expand the scope of application, two newly designed carbon seals were compared: #1 Carbon Seal(CS1) with the inner diameter of136 mm and including 4 segments, #2 Carbon Seal(CS2) with the inner diameter of 212 mm and including 6 segments. Air leakage tests were firstly conducted in the Medium-speed Seal Test Rig. The pressure ratio changed from 1.04...     

碳/ 环氧复合材料层间增韧研究进展

综述了碳/环氧复合材料层间增韧的研究现状与发展趋势,着重对碳/环氧复合材料层间增韧方法与性能的关系进行了介绍.