Cracking and Mechanical Properties of Airport Concrete Pavement with Fiber and Expansive Agent

Polypropylene fiber and expansive agent are used in airport concrete to improve its shrinkage cracking resistance and mechanical properties. The concrete specimens with amount content of polypropylene fiber or expansive agent or both of them are prepared. The morphology of specimens is observed by scanning electron microscope, the time when the first crack occurred is recorded through slap test, and the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and impact energies of concrete are measured. The results show that polypropylene fiber in concrete can reduce the shrinkage and delay the first crack, improve the impact resistance obviously, and improve the compressive strength slightly. Expansive agent can compensate the shrinkage and reduce cracks of concrete pavement markedly, and improve the mechanical properties of concrete pavement slightly. The study provides recommendations for cracking control of airport concrete pavement in the future.     

Modeling and Simulation of Pipeline Security Monitoring System Based on Line-Structure Sagnac Interferometer with 3×3Coupler

The third damage action,human disruption behavior,is one of the major threats to pipeline operation.It is necessary to monitor and locate the perturbation behavior that may threat pipeline safety in real-time.Therefore,a new pipeline security monitoring system is designed by using line-structure Sagnac optic fiber interferemeter with the characteristic of 3×3coupler that can modulate the phase of optic signal,with no need for phase modulation and demodulation.The optic structure of the new system is simplified,the signal processing accuracy is improved,and the polarization effect is reduced.The working principle of the monitoring in ideal condition is described,the phase demodulation is analyzed and the location of the possible damage action point is formulated.By using simulink,the optic signal propagation and interference is simulated and interference signals in different frequencies are obtained.The results validate the feasibility of the monitoring system and indicate that the low frequency signal less than 1kHz resulting from the human damage action can be detected.The disturbance set at 10 km can be located by calculating the demodulation signal accurately over a long monitoring distance.     

M55J碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料X、Y方向低温热导率的测试研究

碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料是目前广泛在航天器应用的新型材料.该材料在X、Y方向的低温热导率是设计、使用的重要参考依据.目前一些测量方法不能表征材料传热特性,本文提出采用传统的一维稳态热流法.以M55J碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料为例,对X、Y方向的低温热导率进行了测试、分析.在试验分析的基础上,采用单层板热导率测量数据,用分析模型计算了M55J碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的低温热导率并与测量数据进行了比对,两者最大偏差在18%之内,说明与从计算单层板的热导率开始的方法相比较,采用这种计算方法较简单准确.文章分析表明,碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的低温热导率可以通过铺层设计改变,以减少材料设计的盲目性,满足航天器的特殊需求.     

对中国高模量碳纤维应用中工艺性能问题的分析

文章简述了航天器结构对高模量碳纤维需求,对中国高模量碳纤维品质稳定性、工艺稳定性等内容进行了简要评述,着重对中国高模量碳纤维工艺性能做了分析,并对加强中国高模量碳纤维批生产提出了建议.     

沉积温度对碳芯SiC 纤维微观结构的影响

以沥青基碳单丝为基体,一甲基三氯硅烷为碳化硅前驱体,使用通电加热的冷壁CVD工艺,温度在1 473～1 773 K,制备了碳芯SiC纤维.采用扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱对纤维的表面形貌及结构进行了表征,研究了沉积温度对其结构的影响.结果表明,SiC涂层为β-SiC晶型.沉积温度的升高引起了沉积速率的增加以及SiC涂层晶粒尺寸的长大.同时,导致碳芯中心区域发生结构重排,引起了该区域取向度的提高以及晶粒尺寸的减小.     

玻璃纤维缠绕壳体在固体火箭发动机一二级上的应用研究

分析了国内固体火箭发动机壳体的研究、生产现状,指出国内导弹第一、二级发动机壳体采用纤维缠绕壳体取代钢壳体已成为必然趋势。通过对国内碳纤维研究、应用现状及碳纤维缠绕壳体与玻璃纤维缠绕壳体性/价比分析,提出就国内对于性能要求不是很高的发动机,采用玻璃纤维缠绕壳体比采用碳纤维缠绕壳体更符合我国目前的技术现状。     

Closed bioregenerative life support systems: Applicability to hot deserts

Water scarcity in hot deserts, which cover about one-fifth of the Earth’s land area, along with rapid expansion of hot deserts into arable lands is one of the key global environmental problems. As hot deserts are extreme habitats characterized by the availability of solar energy with a nearly complete absence of organic life and water, space technology achievements in designing closed ecological systems may be applicable to the design of sustainable settlements in the deserts. This review discusses the key space technology findings for closed biogenerative life support systems (CBLSS), which can simultaneously produce food, water, nutrients, fertilizers, process wastes, and revitalize air, that can be applied to hot deserts. Among them are the closed cycle of water and the acceleration of the cycling times of carbon, biogenic compounds, and nutrients by adjusting the levels of light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide, and air velocity over plant canopies. Enhanced growth of algae and duckweed at higher levels of carbon dioxide and light intensity can be important to provide complete water recycling and augment biomass production. The production of fertilizers and nutrients can be enhanced by applying the subsurface flow wetland technology and hyper-thermophilic aerobic bacteria for treating liquid and solid wastes. The mathematical models, optimization techniques, and non-invasive measuring techniques developed for CBLSS make it possible to monitor and optimize the performance of such closed ecological systems. The results of long-duration experiments performed in BIOS-3, Biosphere 2, Laboratory Biosphere, and other ground-based closed test facilities suggest that closed water cycle can be achieved in hot-desert bioregenerative systems using the pathways of evapotranspiration, condensation, and biological wastewater treatment technologies. We suggest that the state of the art in the CBLSS design along with the possibility of using direct sunlight for photosynthesis and recent advances in photovoltaic engineering can be used as a basis for building sustainable settlements producing food, water, and energy in hot deserts.     

对称角铺设纤维增强斜形固支板弯曲解析

应用文献［２］给出的各向异性斜板横向弯曲一般解析解，对承受均布载荷的对称角铺设纤维增强复合材料斜形板进行弯曲分析。针对四边固支进行计算。讨论了各向异性、斜角β、铺设角θ、铺设层数Ｎ和跨宽比α对板挠度的影响。计算表明，对于单层角铺设菱形板的铺设角关于（π２）－（β２）对称时，板最大挠度相同，并在铺设角为π２－β２板最大挠度取最小值，θ为０°时板挠度为最大。对于菱形板，铺设层数增大，板挠度增大，而斜形板（α＞１）铺设层数增大，板挠度减小。     

炭纤维织物对炭／炭复合材料韧性的影响

探讨了炭／炭复合材料中炭纤维增强织物形式及处理方式对其韧性的影响，并通过材料微观结构及数据的分析得出，经处理的炭／炭复合材料的弯曲强度和破坏挠度分别经同类材料提高５０％和８０％。