Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

6061铝合金激光穿透焊的焊缝成形

分别采用光纤激光和YAG激光对2.5mm厚的6061铝合金开展了激光穿透焊接试验,研究了主要焊接参数对焊缝成形的影响规律。结果表明,与YAG激光相比,高能量密度的光纤激光更易于实现穿透焊接,且光纤激光获得良好焊缝成形的工艺区间更大。在穿透焊接条件下,焊缝截面形貌分为钉头形和近X形两种。当激光功率较高时,光纤激光焊缝更趋向于生成近X形截面,YAG激光焊缝更易于生成钉头形截面。焊缝成形受激光功率密度和焊接热输入双重因素的影响。随激光功率密度和焊接热输入的增大,光纤激光焊缝截面形貌逐渐由钉头形向近X形转变。     

旋转机翼悬停气动特性研究

鸭式旋转机翼(CRW)是一种先进的高速直升机方案,旋翼同时也是机翼,是其最关键气动部件之一。采用结构分区拼接网格技术进行空间离散,分区建立参考系,通过求解多重参考系下的N-S方程来计算旋翼流场,首先以传统的Caradonna-Tung实验旋翼的亚、跨声速悬停流场分析为例验证该方法的可靠性,进而采用该方法对旋转机翼悬停流场进行了数值计算,旋翼拉力计算值和地面实验值吻合较好,结果分析表明旋转机翼的悬停流场有着不同于传统旋翼的流场特性。     

S形进气道锤击波荷载特性分析

利用基于改进的延迟分离涡模拟（IDDES）方法,对亚声速和超声速来流条件下某S形模型进气道进行了非定常计算,研究了发动机喘振所产生的瞬时高压波形对锤击波传播规律的影响.结果表明:锤击波产生后沿进气道迅速向前传播,运动过程中锤击波的运动速度基本保持不变,但强度不断增强.同时受气流离心力的影响,S形进气道弯曲段半径较大一侧壁面受到的锤击波气动荷载值更大.发动机喘振所产生的瞬时高压的加载梯度增加使得锤击波传播速度及强度增强,而压力卸载方式对锤击波强度的影响不明显.在亚声速和超声速来流条件下,增加瞬时高压峰值均使得锤击波荷载强度显著增强,并近似符合二次函数分布规律,而且超声速来流条件下锤击波强度较亚声速来流更强.      

基于响应面法的短距/垂直起降飞机近地面升力损失

建立了短距/垂直起降(S/VTOL)飞机近地面升力损失的流场计算模型.通过数值模拟得出特定升力布局的飞机近地面状态各工况的升力损失.采用响应面法获得了飞机升力损失关于喷管落压比（NPR）、来流速度及飞机高度的2阶响应曲面函数及显著影响飞机升力损失的关键因素.并分析了喷管落压比、来流速度及飞机高度对飞机升力损失的交互影响作用,优化得出给定工况范围内升力损失最小的工作点.研究表明:仅考虑单因素影响时,升力损失随高度、落压比的增大而减小,随来流速度的增大而增大;考虑两因素交互作用时,高度与落压比及来流速度与落压比对升力损失存在交互影响,而高度与来流速度对升力损失无交互影响;优化获得的升力损失最小的工作点是飞机距地面高度为9D（D为喷管直径）、喷飞机高度为3、来流速度为0m/s,此时的升力损失为1.3%.      

球形点火腔对脉冲爆震DDT过程影响的数值研究

为了减小脉冲爆震发动机PDE（pulse detonation engine）单次循环时间,缩短爆燃向爆震转变DDT（deflagration to detonation transition）距离是关键.为此,提出了一种在头部添加球形点火腔的新型爆震管道结构设计方案,并采用丙烷和空气为可爆混合物,通过对新型爆震管DDT过程的二维数值模拟,研究其对DDT距离以及DDT时间的影响.数值模拟结果表明,头部采用球形点火腔后,点火腔中的压缩波经过多次反射后,能够在爆震管中更快地促使爆震波形成,DDT距离大大缩短;当球形点火腔直径为1.5倍等直爆震管直径时,相对于常规等直管爆震管结构,其DDT距离和过程时间分别减少了14%和16.26%.      

液体火箭发动机充液导管流固耦合动力学特性

为了深入研究流固耦合（FSI）作用对液体火箭发动机充液导管频率特性的影响,采用传递矩阵法(TMM)建立了空间导管流固耦合动力学计算模型.针对真实发动机导管开展了传递矩阵模型与传统基于附加质量的有限元(FEM)（非耦合）模型仿真计算以及模态试验验证,比较了管径、壁厚等结构参数对导管流固耦合作用的影响.结果表明:在流固耦合作用下,导管各阶谐振频率减小、而对应的流体振荡与结构振动幅值增大.管径对导管低阶频率特性的影响较壁厚对其影响更大.对于该算例,当管径大于设计值30%后,耦合作用引起的1阶频率误差高于10%,此时流固耦合不能忽略;而壁厚对1阶谐振频率的影响则小于8%.      

基于微型光谱仪的光纤压力高速解调技术

为解决高超声速飞行器中大气压力传感系统的多通道、高精度、强环境适应性等技术需求问题,具有耐高温、易组网、高灵敏度、抗电磁干扰等优点的光纤压力传感技术成为航空航天压力传感领域的重要研究方向。提出一种基于微型光谱仪的光纤压力高速解调技术,该技术采用基于体相位光栅和线阵光电探测器的微型光谱仪作为光谱探测单元、Actel公司的片上SoC电路系统作为智能信息处理单元,融合数字滤波、线性拟合、曲线寻峰、信号重构等数据处理算法,完成光纤压力传感器高速解调系统研制,并搭建压力检测实验平台。试验结果表明:系统的压力测量范围优于260kPa,测量精度接近0.1%F.S.,分辨率为10Pa,动态响应可达5kHz。