Energy Conversion Efficiency of Rainbow Shape Piezoelectric Transducer

With the aim to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer, an analysis model of energy conversion efficiency is established based on the elastic mechanics theory and piezoelectricity theory. It can be found that the energy conversion efficiency of the rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer mainly depends on its shape parameters and material properties from the analysis model. Simulation results show that there is an optimal length ratio to generate maximum energy conversion efficiency and the optimal length ratios and energy conversion efficiencies of beryllium bronze substrate transducer and steel substrate transducer are (0.65, 2.21%) and (0.65, 1.64%) respectively. The optimal thickness ratios and energy conversion efficiencies of beryllium bronze substrate transducer and steel substrate transducer are (1.16, 2.56%) and (1.49, 1.57%) respectively. With the increase of width ratio and initial curvature radius, both the energy conversion efficiencies decrease. Moreover, beryllium bronze flexible substrate transducer is superior to the steel flexible substrate transducer.     

High Hardware Utilization and Low Memory Block Requirement Decoding of QC-LDPC Codes

This paper presents a simple yet effective decoding for general quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes, which not only achieves high hardware utility efficiency (HUE), but also brings about great memory block reduction without any performance degradation. The main idea is to split the check matrix into several row blocks, then to perform the improved message passing computations sequentially block by block. As the decoding algorithm improves, the sequential tie between the two-phase computations is broken, so that the two-phase computations can be overlapped which bring in high HUE. Two overlapping schemes are also presented, each of which suits a different situation. In addition, an efficient memory arrangement scheme is proposed to reduce the great memory block requirement of the LDPC decoder. As an example, for the 0.4 rate LDPC code selected from Chinese Digital TV Terrestrial Broadcasting (DTTB), our decoding saves over 80% memory blocks compared with the conventional decoding, and the decoder achieves 0.97 HUE. Finally, the 0.4 rate LDPC decoder is implemented on an FPGA device EP2S30 (speed grade -5). Using 8 row processing units, the decoder can achieve a maximum net throughput of 28.5 Mbps at 20 iterations.     

复合材料阶梯形胶接接头渐进损伤分析

建立了复合材料层合板双阶梯形胶接接头的三维(3D)有限元模型,并进行了拉伸载荷下的渐进损伤分析(Progressive damage analysis,PDA)。采用含正交各向异性损伤的连续介质损伤力学(Continuum damage mechanics,CDM)本构方程对层合板进行描述。采用粘聚区模型(Cohesive zone model,CZM)对共胶接界面进行模拟。引入合适的损伤起始和损伤扩展准则,预测了双阶梯形胶接接头的损伤扩展方式和连接效率。进一步讨论了台阶长度、外加铺层搭接长度及厚度对失效模式及连接效率的影响。     

空间大型末端执行器捕获动力学与实验研究

以绳索式末端执行器为研究对象,基于离散化方法,采用六维弹簧柔性连接方式建立了绳索动力学模型,并引入绳索与目标间的非线性接触碰撞力和摩擦力模型,获得末端执行器捕获动力学模型,并设计了末端捕获冲击实验,验证了模型的正确性。所建模型可充分考虑绳索的空间运动状态以及捕获过程中绳索与目标间的接触碰撞过程,基于此模型可预示并预防捕获过程中瞬时的较大冲击。对于机构设计和控制器调试具有一定意义,并可作为物理试验的有效补充,解决我国未来空间大型目标捕获任务地面试验验证困难的问题。     

Human spaceflight and an asteroid redirect mission: Why?

The planning of human spaceflight programmes is an exercise in careful rationing of a scarce and expensive resource. Current NASA plans are to develop the new capability for human-rated launch into space to replace the Space Transportation System (STS), more commonly known as the Space Shuttle, combined with a heavy lift capability, and followed by an eventual Mars mission. As an intermediate step towards Mars, NASA proposes to venture beyond Low Earth Orbit to cis-lunar space to visit a small asteroid which will be captured and moved to lunar orbit by a separate robotic mission. The rationale for this and how to garner support from the scientific community for such an asteroid mission are discussed. Key points that emerge are that a programme usually has greater legitimacy when it emerges from public debate, mostly via a Presidential Commission, a report by the National Research Council or a Decadal Review of science goals etc. Also, human spaceflight missions need to have support from a wide range of interested communities. Accordingly, an outline scientific case for a human visit to an asteroid is made. Further, it is argued here that the scientific interest in an asteroid mission needs to be included early in the planning stages, so that the appropriate capabilities (here the need for drilling cores and carrying equipment to, and returning samples from, the asteroid) can be included.     

进气畸变对燃烧室性能的影响

基于详细化学反应动力学和火焰面模型,以某型发动机燃烧室为计算模型,在压气机气流畸变来流条件下对燃烧室内流场进行了数值模拟,将计算结果与其实验结果进行了对比,并对比研究了均匀与非均匀入口气流条件下燃烧室燃烧性能的差异。结果表明:非均匀入口效应会对燃烧室内部流场产生很大的影响,流场的对称性受到破坏,燃料的掺混燃烧效果也会受到影响,进而导致燃烧室燃烧效率降低,影响整个燃烧室的工作性能。增大主燃孔面积,提高头部进气量可以很好地改善此型燃烧室的燃烧性能。      

Effect of the protrusion shape on gas ingestion of two sealing structures

The windage loss caused by protrusion in a rotor–stator cavity has been studied in detail, and there are abundant fitting formulas that have been summarized to calculate the moment coefficients. Some other theorists have emphasized its effect on the sealing efficiency, proposing that installation of protrusion could alleviate gas ingestion. However, the protrusion shape which is an influential factor on the sealing efficiency has not been focused in previous research. Using the experimental method of measuring CO₂ volume fraction, cavity pressure, and power consumption, we investigated the effects of several typical protrusion shapes on various parameters for two sealing structures, in order to obtain the optimal shape. Results showed that a variation of the protrusion shape had little impact on the static pressure, but the total pressure and the sealing efficiency increased in different degrees. Furthermore, even though the hexagon shape resulted in the highest sealing efficiency, we observed that the drop shape had the best overall performance in all of the eight models, which could result in higher efficiency of the turbine cavity. The combination of a radial seal structure and protrusion could improve sealing efficiency better.     

ECR中和器改进试验研究

目前国内电子回旋共振(ECR)中和器的研究存在电子束流不能连续引出的问题,为此通过改进中和器天线结构及优化电子引出孔径来改善中和器的性能。试验结果表明：中和器结构改进及优化后其电子束流可以随着接触电压的升高而连续变化,同时提高了中和器的推进剂利用效率、降低了电子产生损耗。推进剂利用效率和电子产生损耗在中和器结构改进前后分别为1.278 9和194.573 W/A,1.659 8和126.3 W/A。试验还通过静电探针诊断出中和器耦合天线附近等离子体密度分布在1.72×10¹⁷~12.1×10¹⁷ m^-3范围内。     

航空发动机离心通风器性能试验

为获取某型发动机离心通风器性能,通过试验模拟通风器的油雾工作环境,综合运用测质量法与光学测量方法,获取分离效率、粒径分布与压降数据。试验结果显示,分离效率随转速增加呈现先线性上升后平缓的规律。转速从静态增加到1 000 r/min,分离效率增加10%,油雾平均直径从1.8 μm降低至1.3 μm,粒径2.0~3.0 μm基本被分离;转速增加至2 500 r/min,平均粒径基本不变,未分离油雾粒径集中在2.1 μm以下。空气质量流量基本不影响粒度分布,对分离效率影响小;压降随质量流量、转速增加而增加。      

一种基于认知无线电的卫星网络信道接入策略

针对可用无线信道资源紧张与固定信道分配方式导致卫星网络信道利用率低下的问题,提出一种基于认知无线电的卫星网络信道接入策略。卫星用户以分时多址（TDMA）方式接入卫星信道,认知用户通过频谱感知发现卫星网络闲置信道资源,并以S-ALOHA方式接入信道。通过建立基于频谱感知与具有捕获效应的认知用户信道接入模型,分析认知用户最佳频谱感知时间,推导干扰信号在相干叠加与非相干叠加条件下的卫星网络吞吐率性能,并对影响网络吞吐率的因素进行仿真分析。结果表明,该信道接入策略能够在不明显降低高负载时卫星网络吞吐率的前提下有效提高低负载条件下的卫星网络吞吐率,且干扰信号相干叠加比非相干叠加对网络吞吐率性能的提升更为显著。