航空公司经营效率评价

本文应用数据包络分析方法,对航空公司的经营状况进行相对有效性评价。通过对航空公司进行行业内比较,以及对发展情况的分析研究,全面、系统地评价了航空公司的经营效率,并对经营中存在的问题进行了分析和探讨。     

LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=400000.This jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant temperature.An efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is applied.The numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent agreement.The results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ratio.However,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered.      

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

两级脉冲爆震发动机的理想热力循环及性能分析

为研究两级脉冲爆震发动机的性能,以Brayton循环和理想爆震循环为基础,建立和分析了两级脉冲爆震发动机的理想热力循环,利用CEA软件计算了富油燃烧产物及其组分随当量比的变化。计算分析表明,两级脉冲爆震发动机理想循环的热效率和单位推力介于Brayton循环和理想爆震循环之间,且随第一级放热比增大而减小;为得到最多的氢气和一氧化碳,第一级富油燃烧当量比应在2.6～2.8;由于燃烧反应不能完全进行和离解反应的存在,使得第一级富油燃烧的放热量减少,循环热效率增加。     

复合弯掠定制叶型技术在对旋风机设计中的应用

简要介绍了复合弯掠定制叶型技术及其特点,论述了将该技术应用于对旋风机改型设计的工程实例。风机改型设计结果表明,该技术的应用,使对旋风机的效率及喘振裕度明显提高,叶片厚度和重量都有较大的减小。该实例验证了基于航空发动机高压压气机设计体系的复合弯掠定制叶型技术,在低速对旋风机设计中也具有良好的实用性和有效性。     

基于总温测量的超燃冲压发动机燃烧效率研究

燃烧效率能够部分反映出燃烧室性能的优劣,是超燃冲压发动机性能评价的重要指标之一。基于总温测量的超燃冲压发动机燃烧效率获取方法不需要测量或计算燃气组分、摩擦力、支板阻力等,避免了上述过程带来的误差,可有效提高测量精度。利用新型半屏式总温传感器,成功测量了M6、当量比1状态下超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的出口总温,获得了基于温升比定义的发动机燃烧效率。     

超声速涡轮动叶设计方法研究

研究了基于2维等熵特征线理论的超声速涡轮叶栅设计方法,通过编程开发了超声速涡轮转子叶栅设计软件,该软件可根据进、出口马赫数及进口气流角设计出需要的超声速涡轮转子叶栅。在此基础上应用FLUENT详细地分析了涡轮转子叶栅流场。结果表明:该流场分布合理,未出现激波、分离等现象,且在高载荷系数下具有较高效率。     

临近空间桨梢小翼螺旋桨布局气动增效研究

基于雷诺平均Navier—Stokes控制方程和非结构网格旋彬静止滑移面技术,开展了临近空间螺旋桨桨梢小翼构型气动布局与增效作用机理研究,采用静止与旋转域的多块网格布局策略及转／静滑移面技术,发展了高效的螺旋桨流场与性能分析方法;通过开展上翘小翼、上下翘小翼等多种桨梢小翼螺旋桨布局研究,初步建立了基础参数的性能影响规律,研究表明：桨梢小翼螺旋桨布局是临近空间工况环境提高气动效率的一种合理可行的技术途径。     

发动机旋转整流帽罩的水滴撞击特性分析

基于计算流体力学软件FLUENT,采用拉格朗日法,提出了一种求取旋转部件表面水滴收集系数的方法,并采用用户自定义函（UDF）予以实现。将该方法运用于发动机旋转整流帽罩的水滴撞击特性研究,结果表明：随着帽罩锥体锥角及转速的增大,帽罩表面的局部水收集系数沿其表面外形线下降较快,且撞击区域变小。